background: it is intriguing and imperative that the comparison of the iron preparations in hemodialysis (hd) patients. th is study aimed to observe the short-term effi cacy of parenteral iron sucrose and ferric chloride in hd patients. materials and methods: this was a consecutive 10-week single-blind study in taiwan. an intravenous iron supplement of 100 mg/week was administered as an infusio...

Conventional breeding requires long breeding cycles which limits selection intensity due to large tree sizes and high costs associated with assessing properties. In contrast very early selection offers a short cycle and assesses corewood which is the poorest wood in the tree. Young Pinus radiata trees were deliberately leant to produce separately opposite wood (OW) and compression wood (CW). Th...

The effect of altering the expression level of the F5H gene was investigated in three wood tissues (normal, opposite and tension wood) in 1-year-old hybrid poplar clone 717 (Populus tremula × Populus alba L.), containing the F5H gene under the control of the C4H promoter. Elevated expression of the F5H gene in poplar has been previously reported to increase the percent syringyl content of ligni...

We evaluated the efÞcacy of the systemic insecticides dinotefuran, emamectin benzoate, Þpronil, and imidacloprid for preventing attacks and brood production of southern pine engraver beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and wood borers (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on standing, stressed trees and bolt sections of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., in eastern Texas. Emamectinbenzoate signiÞc...

Large ̄oods can have major impacts on riparian forests. Here we examine the variability and spatial distribution of riparian forest responses along eight thirdto ®fth-order streams following a large ̄ood ( 100 year recurrence interval) in the Cascade Mountain Range of Oregon. We categorized disturbance intensity (physical force) exerted on riparian trees during ̄oods into three classes: (i) pur...

Neutral lipids were analyzed in stem wood of a 7-year-old clone and in five 35-70-year-old mature trees of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). In young trees and in mature wood of old trees, the free fatty acid fraction comprised less than 5% of the concentration of triacylglycerols (TG). The concentration of free linoleic acid was lowest in March when the young trees were dormant and highest d...

• Reduced lignin content in perennial crops has been sought as a means to improve biomass processability for paper and biofuels production, but it is unclear how this could affect wood properties and tree form. • Here, we studied a nontransgenic control and 14 transgenic events containing an antisense 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) to discern the consequences of lignin reduction in poplar ...