This short paper gives an introduction into electronic product catalogs and classification systems such as eCl@ss or UN/SPSC used in this domain. The role of classification systems to foster interoperability of catalog based enterprise systems is explained as well as problems that occur. Afterwards an approach is presented that aims in compensating these problems with the help of a mediating sy...

In order to attain waste reduction and the closing of material life cycles, the Dutch Ministry of Environment made an attempt to sign a covenant with the producers and importers of household appliances (the so-called white and brown goods). The negotiations started in 1992 involving all stakeholders: representatives of the producers and importers, the government (state, provincial and local lev...

Technical limitations in image capturing usually impose defective, such as contrast degradation. There are different approaches to improve the contrast of an image. Among the exiting approaches, un-sharp masking is a popular method due to its simplicity in implementation and computation. There is an important parameter in un-sharp masking, named gain factor, which affects the quality of the enh...

In this paper, we recommend and promote global standards of the e-Trade process on the basis of ebXML & web services. For the ebXML Frameworkbased e-Trade to be facilitated, it is urgent for each country to implement and use national ebXML registry and standardize electronic documents, electronic catalog and electronic payment. In UNCEFACT, ebXML-based UN Central Registry & Repository is in the...