Phonological patterns often have phonetic bases. But whether phonetic substance should be encoded in synchronic phonological grammar is controversial. We aim to test the synchronic relevance of phonetics by investigating native Mandarin speakers’ applications of two exceptionless tone sandhi processes to novel words: the contour reduction 213E21/_T (Tl213), which has a clear phonetic motivation...

to carry out the immunological experiments on the serum of multiple sclerosis (ms) patients, based on a correlation between borrelia burgdorferi infection and contracting ms autoimmune disease the outer surface protein d (ospd) of the bacterium was expressed and purified. a clone containing the ospd gene in pet11a expression vector under the control of t7 promoter was transformed to the bacteri...

A high-resolution nested model initialized with either smooth or synthetically generated rough topography is used to investigate the role of small-scale in modulating eddy scales northern South China Sea. It found that while adding leads negligible changes surface and their seasonal cycle, it significantly reduces bottom by about 30%–40%. This reduction mainly contributed three processes: wave ...

An MRI biomarker for Parkinsonism has long been sought, but almost all attempts at conventional field strengths have proved unsatisfactory, since patients and controls are not separated. The exception is Spin-Lattice Distribution MRI (SLD-MRI), a technique which detects changes in the substantia nigra (SN) due to changes in the spin-lattice relaxation time, T1. This easily separates patients wi...

BACKGROUND The palm family occurs in all tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Palms are of high ecological and economical importance, and display complex spatial patterns of species distributions and diversity. SCOPE This review summarizes empirical evidence for factors that determine palm species distributions, community composition and species richness such as the abiotic environ...

Swarm is a computational model which extends the UNITY model in three important ways: (1) UNITY's fixed set of variables is replaced by an unbounded set of tuples which are addressed by content rather than by name; (2) UNITY's static set of statements is replaced by a dynamic set of transactions; and (3) UNITY's state II-composition is augmented by dynamic coupling of transactions into synchron...