A mobile device in a MANET must be assigned a free IP address before it may participate in unicast communication. This is a fundamental and difficult problem in the practical use of any MANET. Several solutions have been proposed. However, these approaches have different drawbacks. A new IP address allocation algorithm, namely prophet allocation, is proposed in the paper. The proposed scheme ma...

Delay and/or Disruption-Tolerant Networking (DTN) is a novel communication prototype that can span across multiple networks and deal with unpredicted conditions in the Internet model.Delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) are partitioned wireless ad hoc networks with intermittent connectivity. Additional terminology in this family of dynamic networks includes disruption-tolerant networks, intermittentl...

In this paper we consider the problem of routing in intermittently connected networks. In such networks there is no guarantee that a fully connected path between source and destination exists at any time, rendering traditional routing protocols unable to deliver messages between hosts. There do however exist a number of scenarios where connectivity is intermittent, but where the possibility of ...

Background and Objectives: In the field of health and teachings of hygienics–medicine, a lot of traditions have been transmitted from the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Imams (A.S) and valuable collections by the titles of Ţibb al-Nabī (PBUH) and Ţibb al-Ἀemmah (A.S) have been provided. What authentic bases they are stand on scientifically, and how they should be dealt with if their concepts are...

Islam as a universal religion has a special approach for establishment of international relations. Different dimensions of this approach can be found in the accounts of the Prophet’s (s) interactions with other nations. Theoretical foundations of Islamic international relations, inspired by Qur’anic principles, have consolidated the mechanism of these relations in practice. Meantime, a survey o...

The basic role of Jews is defined as creating a motivating contrast between the mass of the people who often get into trouble, and the subsequently arising leader (prophet) who calls for conscience in order to help the people to survive the trouble. The words of the Old Testament: "You will bring the light to other nations" are understood as a reflection of the fact that such a prophet is impor...

In the wake of the pioneering studies of Finke and Diepgen,1 written in the first decade of this century, scholarly interest in Arnald of Vilanova has increased steadily. Yet this increase in scholarly inquiry, far from bringing the figure of Arnald into focus, has produced two Arnalds: Arnald the physician and Arnald the prophet. The former is a scientist known in his lifetime and long after h...