Every year, 90% of Americans give money to charities. Is such generosity necessarily welfare enhancing for the giver? We present a theoretical framework that distinguishes two types of motivation: individuals like to give, for example, due to altruism or warm glow, and individuals would rather not give but dislike saying no, for example, due to social pressure. We design a door-to-door fund-rai...

This research was supported by grants from the National Program on Key Basic Research Projects (973 Program, 2013CB127600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31272098, 31472038, 31402018), the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant Number 2012010113004), the National Science Fund for Innovative Research Groups of Biological Control ...

Introduction: Limited health literacy is a major concern among the elderly because they often need more health information and services to maintain their well-being. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the level of health literacy of elderly members of the National Retirement Fund of Rasht City, Iran. Materials and Methods: The present study was an analytical cross-sectional stud...

Household welfare is inseparable from the environment because of its dependence on ecosystems and their services. However, linking household welfare and ecosystems in order to inform differentiated household livelihood development in spatially heterogeneous regions is still a great challenge. Based on a field survey of 1754 households, we grouped the relationships between household welfare (def...

doi: 10.3967/bes2015.113 This work was supported by the Research Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of Health (201402008). 1. Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing 100050, China; 2. Neurosurgical Department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing 100050, China; 3. Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing 100050, China; 4. Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050...

Past climatic changes were caused by a slowdown of the thermohaline circulation. We use results from experiments with three climate models to show that the expected cooling due to a slowdown of the thermohaline circulation is less in magnitude than the expected warming due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. The integrated assessment model FUND and a meta-analysis of climate impacts ar...

The Association began life in 1896 when a small group of women, employed as sanitary inspectors in London public health departments, decided to meet informally to discuss common problems and issues of current interest. This small discussion group, then known as "The Women Sanitary Inspectors' Association", has gone on during the course of the twentieth century to extend its membership widely in...