Undoubtedly, the Mongolian invasions rank first among chain of events that shaped fate states and left indisputable effects on societies in their path during Middle Ages. The began reign great Chinghis Khan who had ideal world domination. With invasions, one hand, political equilibrium several regions was changed dramatically; other religious intellectual (including those ṣūfī structures) patte...

Abstract The paper introduces the results of a case study that attempts to uncover functions and probable genesis group satirical tales told by Mongolian peoples. Based on example one stories, about Argachi, Til Ulenspiegel-like rogue character, popular among Oirat Mongols Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in People’s Republic China, an assumption is made possible practical function narratives, ...

the qara-khitai government of kerman was founded by the efforts of borāq hājib in about 1223 a.d (619 a.h.) and was continued by his descendants ruling some parts of kerman and its surroundings over a period of 80 years (from1223 to 1305). despite the chaotic situation in iran during 13th century, the rulers of this new-founded government not only protected their own territory from mongol invas...