Abstract We explore the relationship between Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) and Petroleum (LPG) carrier freight rates global geopolitical risk, while also controlling for macro environment. Our results show that a shock in risk significantly increases cost of spot charter both LNG LPG carriers, with impact reaching around 25% former 18% latter. bear significant implications companies countries inv...

The Senate is the upper house of Polish parliament, which has relatively small powers in comparison with lower - Sejm. In world, only a few countries are electing second chamber direct elections, case Poland use majoritarian voting system. public debate, there discussion about changing manner elected and scope its competencies. long tradition Poland. current formula, 100 single-member constitue...

Recent rhetoric surrounding the contemporary aid relationship between donors and African states is couched in terms of a high level consensus between western and African political leaderships, a central pillar of which is adherence to liberal principles of governance and economic management. The paper argues that an analysis of the nature of this consensus and its prospects requires that we nee...

ade, China’s rise has generated much attention, admiration, and concern. Whether China can rise peacefully remains a heavily debated issue, with political scientists worrying about the dangers of power transitions, aspiring regional hegemons, and growing nationalism.1 In response to China’s economic and military growth, the administration of Barack Obama has rebalanced U.S. foreign and security...

in view of the geopolitical statue of caucasus in the region and the world and domestic problems of caucasus region, we face different and sometimes contradictory forces and interests in the region. and political, economic, security, cultural, and… developments are result of interaction between these different and sometimes contradictory forces and interests.

An American geographer specializing in southeast Europe and the Middle East examines Turkey’s prospects for membership in the European Union, a process that recently received a positive recommendation by the European Commission. Of particular importance in the debate over Turkish accession are claims that cultural differences divide Europe and Turkey, and overshadow both their shared history an...

the theoretical frameworks of geopolitical knowledge have always been based on territorial realities; and the rational approachhas been employed in geopolitical research. understand the patterns of the world power competition, and to make predictions about these rivalries, there is a need for identifying the world strategic regions, their attributes and the geographical passages to these region...