BACKGROUND Periodic cycles in the serotype-specific incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease have been described but less is known in carriage. METHODS We analyzed serotype carriage prevalence among children 0-6 years old over a 15-year period that included pre-PCV7 data and a decade of PCV7 use. Mixed generalized additive models were used to study periodic cycles and how PCV7 impacted on t...

BACKGROUND We conducted an ancillary study among individuals who had participated in a PCV-7 trial in rural Gambia, to determine the influence of season on the prevalence of pneumococcal carriage. METHODS 636 individuals above 30 months of age were followed from 4 to 20 months after vaccination with PCV-7 or meningococcal-conjugate-vaccine. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected periodically bet...

We consider the transitive linear maps on the operator algebra $B(X)$for a separable Banach space $X$. We show if a bounded linear map is norm transitive on $B(X)$,then it must be hypercyclic with strong operator topology. Also we provide a SOT-transitivelinear map without being hypercyclic in the strong operator topology.

BACKGROUND Infants and children are frequently colonized with pneumococcus. Recent nasopharyngeal acquisition of pneumococcus is thought to precede disease episodes. The increased risk of pneumococcal disease among Navajo and White Mountain Apache populations has been documented. Little is known about the dynamics of pneumococcal carriage in these populations. METHODS A group randomized, cont...

INTRODUCTION ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae can cause severe infections, but they are also isolated from the stool of asymptomatic subjects. Faecal carriage of such organism is poorly understood. METHODS First phase of the study was cross-sectional with prevalence and epidemiology of ESBL faecal carriage in two nursing homes in Beirut: 57 residents in the first (NH1) and 151 residents in t...

Several meningococcal vaccines under development for prevention of serogroup B disease target the factor H-binding protein (FHbp), an immunogenic lipoprotein expressed on the surface of Neisseria meningitidis. Based upon sequence and phylogenetic analyses, FHbp can be classified into 3 protein variants (1, 2 or 3) or 2 subfamilies (A or B). The potential effect of FHbp-containing vaccines on me...

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motivated by the intensive and powerful works concerning additive‎ ‎mappings of operator algebras‎, ‎we mainly study lie-type higher‎ ‎derivations on operator algebras in the current work‎. ‎it is shown‎ ‎that every lie (triple-)higher derivation on some classical operator‎ ‎algebras is of standard form‎. ‎the definition of lie $n$-higher‎ ‎derivations on operator algebras and related pote...

In this paper, we prove some fixed points properties and demiclosedness principle for a Banach operator in uniformly convex hyperbolic spaces. We further propose an iterative scheme for approximating a fixed point of a Banach operator and establish some strong and $Delta$-convergence theorems for such operator in the frame work of uniformly convex hyperbolic spaces. The results obtained in this...

properties of the hybrid of block-pulse functions and lagrange polynomials based on the legendre-gauss-type points are investigated and utilized to define the composite interpolation operator as an extension of the well-known legendre interpolation operator. the uniqueness and interpolating properties are discussed and the corresponding differentiation matrix is also introduced. the applicabili...