CONTEXT Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have emerged as important food contaminants. They cause immune suppression in a rodent model at serum concentrations similar to those occurring in the US population, but adverse health effects of PFC exposure are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To determine whether PFC exposure is associated with antibody response to childhood vaccinations. DESIGN, SETTI...

The simultaneous administration of B.C.G. vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus toxoid aluminium hydroxide adsorbed vaccine, and oral poliovaccine was studied in 628 children aged 13-14 years between 1966 and 1969 in Newham, London. The efficacy of these vaccines was unaffected by administering them at the same time; routine simultaneous administration is considered justified when organizational difficul...

A collaborative study has been performed to validate two in vitro serological assays, ELISA and ToBI test, as alternatives to the direct challenge procedure for potency testing of tetanus toxoid vaccines for human use (Ph.Eur. monograph Tetanus vaccine (adsorbed) (0452)). In six laboratories, guinea-pigs were immunised with tetanus toxoid vaccines from different manufacturers representing vario...

Using the ELISA technique to estimate serum antibodies against tetanus toxin, seven neonates with clinical tetanus were found to have antibody levels 4-13 times higher than the presumed minimum protective level of 0.01 IU/ml. All but one of their mothers had been vaccinated with tetanus toxoid in pregnancy. In two other neonates, whose mothers had received multiple booster doses of toxoid durin...

The immunogenicity and protectivity of two different toxoid vaccines were compared in mice. In one formulation, toxoids (diphtheria or tetanus) were adsorbed to alumoxid, whereas in the other formulation the toxoids were crosslinked to immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIVs). A preimmunization with influenza antigens is necessary for a good anti-toxoid antibody response whe...

In Japan, mass vaccination for diphtheria, pertussis, and/or tetanus has been mandated by the Vaccination Law since 1948. In order to evaluate the efficacy of this vaccination policy, we conducted seroepidemiological studies on pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus among individuals aged 0 - 80 years. The pertussis toxin seropositive rates of the vaccine-eligible groups and vaccine-ineligible grou...

We evaluated the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a booster dose of diphtheria-tetanus vaccine administered at the age of school-entry, comparing a low-dose vaccine (dT) to the standard paediatric dose (DT). Participants were randomly assigned to receive one of the two vaccines; the study was evaluator-blinded. The frequency of side-reactions was similar when comparing the two groups, excep...

We compared antibody levels following separate but simultaneous administration of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids with acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) containing pertussis toxoid, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin (PRN); hepatitis B vaccine; and Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol phosphate; PRP) vaccine conjugated to tetanus toxoid (PRP-T) with those follo...

sised the capacity of the immune system to respond effectively to numerous simultaneous antigens. Using data linkage, Miller et al found no evidence for an increase in admissions to hospital for serious bacterial infections following MMR vaccination. 9 One disadvantage of giving vaccines in combination is that it may not always be clear which component is responsible for a particular adverse ev...

UNLABELLED In adults with a tetanus-prone injury, combined vaccines such as Tdap-IPV (REPEVAX®) can boost immunity against several diseases simultaneously. This Phase IIIb, parallel-group, open-label trial compared antibody responses to Tdap-IPV and tetanus monovalent vaccine (TMV; Vaccin Tétanique Pasteur® or Tetavax®) against tetanus toxoid 10 and 28 d post-vaccination. Between July and Decem...