We first present a new sticky particle method for the system of pressureless gas dynamics. The method is based on the idea of sticky particles, which seems to work perfectly well for the models with point mass concentrations and strong singularity formations. In this method, the solution is sought in the form of a linear combination of δ-functions, whose positions and coefficients represent loc...

Recent studies indicated that small calcified particles observable by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) may initiate calcification in cardiovascular tissues. We hypothesized that if the calcified particles precede gross calcification observed in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), they would exhibit a regional asymmetric distribution associated with CAVD development, which always initiates a...

A Monte Carlo technique is described for simulating the high-speed flow of a rarefied gas around a cylindrical body. The method uses a hard-sphere model, or, alternatively, the "Maxwellian" model to compute collisions between particles. A representative "test particle" is scattered in such a way that its statistical behavior approximates that of a random particle chosen from the actual gas. Thi...

Purpose – In this paper, a new method to improve the performance of particle swarm optimization is proposed. Design/methodology/approach – This paper introduces hypothesis testing to determine whether the particles trap into the local minimum or not, then special re-initialization was proposed, finally, some famous benchmarks and constrained engineering optimization problems were used to test t...

A double antibody sandwich (DAS) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to quantify 146s antigen of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strain Al 0 Holland grown in suspension cultures of surviving bovine tongue epithelium. When virus harvests were incubated with trypsin-which affects VP1 , the most immunogenic structural protein of FMDV-the concentration of 146s antigen as det...

In this paper the feasibility of fabricating controlled porous skeleton of pure tungsten at low temperature by addition of submicron particles to tungsten powder (surface activated sintering) has been studied and the best parameters for subsequent infiltration of Cu were acquired. The effects of addition of submicron particles and sintering temperature on porous as well as infiltrated samples w...

Disclosed is a method of preparing pigmentary chromium oxide nano particles having 50 percent particle size less than about 100 nm. Preparation of nano chromium (III) oxide is investigated by thermal decomposition method. According to the disclosed method, a substantially dry solid composition of potassium dichromate and carbon active is heated in CO2 atmosphere to a temperature of about 60...