Recent years have seen a surge of interest in implicit bias. Driving this concern is the thesis, apparently established by tests such as IAT, that people who hold egalitarian explicit attitudes and beliefs are often influenced mental processes operate independently from, largely insensitive to, their attitudes. We argue bias testing social empirical psychology does not, without fundamental shif...

Prior retrieval practice potentiates new learning. A recent meta-analysis of this test-potentiated learning (TPNL) effect by Chan, Meissner, and Davis (2018) concluded that it is a robust reliable finding (Hedges’ g = 0.44). Although Chan et al. discussed three different experimental designs have been employed to study TPNL, we argue their failed adequately distinguish the findings from these d...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) software systems, such as Sentiment Analysis (SA) typically learn from large amounts of data that may reflect human biases. Consequently, the machine learning model in systems exhibit unintended demographic bias based on specific characteristics (e.g., gender, occupation, country-of-origin, etc.). Such biases manifest an SA system when it predicts a different sentim...

The many works devoted to the issue of fairness in language testing (e.g., Kunnan, 1999, 2000; Shohamy, 2001; Spolsky, 1981) testify to the field’s recognition of the importance of this issue. Brown (1996) defines fairness as “the degree to which a test treats every student the same or the degree to which it is impartial” (p. 31). The goal of language tests is to impartially measure individual ...

BACKGROUND It is not clear whether the effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy and other psychotherapies have been overestimated because of publication bias. AIMS To examine indicators of publication bias in randomised controlled trials of psychotherapy for adult depression. METHOD We examined effect sizes of 117 trials with 175 comparisons between psychotherapy and control conditions. As ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether changing recognition stimuli from words to pictures would alter response bias in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). BACKGROUND Response bias is an important aspect of memory performance in patients with AD, as they show an abnormally liberal response bias compared with healthy older adults. We have previously found that despite changes in discrimination pro...