[1] Soil depth is an important input parameter in hydrological and ecological modeling. Presently, the soil depth data available in national soil databases (STATSGO and SSURGO) from the Natural Resources Conservation Service are provided as averages within generalized land units (map units). Spatial uncertainty within these units limits their applicability for distributed modeling in complex te...

The EO Propagation objectives are: 1) investigate, develop and evaluate fine and coarse mode aerosol models and their effects on visibility and target detection in visible and IR wavelengths 2) Integrate and develop simple, realistic extinction, scintillation and refractivity models for infrared propagation near the ocean surface, 3) develop and evaluate advanced marine radiance models that are...

Many colour maps provided by vendors have highly uneven perceptual contrast over their range. It is not uncommon for colour maps to have perceptual flat spots that can hide a feature as large as one tenth of the total data range. Colour maps may also have perceptual discontinuities that induce the appearance of false features. Previous work in the design of perceptually uniform colour maps has ...

A path from a point s to a point t on the surface of a polyhedral terrain is said to be descent if for every pair of points p = (x(p), y(p), z(p)) and q = (x(q), y(q), z(q)) on the path, if dist(s, p) < dist(s, q) then z(p) ≥ z(q), where dist(s, p) denotes the distance of p from s along the aforesaid path. Although an efficient algorithm to decide if there is a descending path between two point...

Previous experiments investigating ERP correlates of anticipatory attention shifts triggered by central symbolic cues have identified a contralateral "early directing attention negativity," which was assumed to be generated by processes involved in the control of spatial orienting. Here we demonstrate that this component is not directly linked to the control of attentional shifts, but instead r...

The work, described in this paper, covers three topics: real-world terrain analysis, synthetic terrain generation based upon the results of the analysis stage, and dynamic terrain generation. Each topic involves the theory of multifractals. First, a summary of four known fractal-based techniques for terrain generation is presented including fractional Brownian motion, Mid-point displacement, It...

Previous studies have proved that partial information transmission can be found between intensity and pitch. In our last study, it was demonstrated that the timbre attribute can be transmitted as partial information between timbre and intensity. We manipulated the two attributes of stimulus, namely, timbre (piano vs. violin) and pitch (high vs. low), to find out whether they also have partial i...

As digital terrain models are indispensable for visualizing and modeling geographic processes, terrain information content is useful for terrain generalization and representation. For terrain generalization, if the terrain information is considered, the generalized terrain may be of higher fidelity. In other words, the richer the terrain information at the terrain surface, the smaller the degre...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi 1. The Mathematics of Terrain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Modeling Terrain Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Modeling Levee Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 Data Manipulation and Exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1...

The research area was conducted within the Bukit Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, and it located at latitude 3° 8'32.93"N longitude 101°40'32.80"E. researcher carried out geological terrain mapping to evaluate in accordance with classification attributes of each thematic map produced, namely, Terrain map, slope gradient erosion, instability as well construction suitability map. occurrence landslide e...