Frequency-dependent selection is so fundamental to modern evolutionary thinking that everyone `knows' the concept. Yet the term is used to refer to different types of selection. The concept is well defined in the original context of population genetics theory, which focuses on short-term evolutionary change. The original concept becomes ambiguous, however, when used in the context of long-term ...

Our project, initiated in 1997, approaches text summarization as a knowledge-scant task of passage selection. Several features make this task more discriminating. These features include "smart" key phrase selection that uses machine learning techniques and simple linguistic criteria; dynamic passage selection; adaptation to the type of text; and choice among several styles of summary. This pape...

Neighbourhood interactions between land use types are often included in the spatially explicit analysis of land use change. Especially in the context of urban growth, neighbourhood interactions are often addressed both in theories for urban development and in dynamic models of (urban) land use change. Neighbourhood interactions are one of the main driving factors in a large group of land use ch...

Both morbidity and mortality are consistently reported to be higher in males than in females in early life, but no explanation for these findings has been offered. This paper argues that the sex difference in early vulnerability can be attributed to the natural selection of optimal maternal strategies for maximizing lifetime reproductive success, as modelled previously by Trivers and Willard. T...

In this paper, we present an approach that address the answer sentence selection problem for question answering. The proposed method uses a stacked bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory (BLSTM) network to sequentially read words from question and answer sentences, and then outputs their relevance scores. Unlike prior work, this approach does not require any syntactic parsing or external knowledg...

Selection and preparation of action plans (task sets) is often assumed to occur in working memory (WM). Yet, the absence of consistent evidence that WM capacity and task selection efficiency is correlated raises questions about the functional relationship between these two aspects of executive control. We used the EEG-derived contralateral delay activity (CDA) to index the WM load of task sets....

purpose: to compare the effects of short-tem and long-term systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of confirmed ocular toxoplasmosis. methods: this randomized comparative clinical trial was performed on 69 patients with confirmed active ocular toxoplasmosis with typical clinical manifestations. the subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 10 days (group a, 33 cases) or 4-6 weeks (gro...

When a detector sensitive to the target plume IR seeker is used for tracking airborne targets, the seeker tends to follow the target hot point which is a point farther away from the target exhaust and its fuselage. In order to increase the missile effectiveness, it is necessary to modify the guidance law by adding a lead bias command. The resulting guidance is known as target adaptive guidance ...

The performance of cooperative network can be increased by using relay selection technique. Therefore, interest in relay selection is sloping upward. We proposed two new relay selection schemes based on fuzzy logic for dual hop cooperative communication. These relay selection schemes require SNR (signal to noise ratio), cooperative gain and channel gain as input fuzzy parameters for selection o...