BACKGROUND World Health Organization guidelines for antiretroviral treatment (ART) in resource-limited settings recommend either stavudine or tenofovir as part of initial therapy. We evaluated the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of first-line ART using tenofovir in India, compared with current practice using stavudine or zidovudine. METHODS We used a state-transition model of human i...

The tenofovir trial is being conducted among 1 000 HIV-negative women attending the Ethekwini Clinical Research Site in Durban and the rural Mafakathini clinic at Vulindlela, 90 km Unlike the controversial two failed microbicides (Ushercell cellulose sulphate-based vaginal gel and nonoxynol-9), where trial participants seroconverted, the tenofovir gel does not act in the vaginal lumen to kill t...

Tenofovir is an acyclic phosphonate analog of deoxyadenylate used in AIDS and hepatitis B therapy. We find that tenofovir diphosphate, its active form, can be produced by human nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK), but with low efficiency, and that creatine kinase is significantly more active. The 1.65 A x-ray structure of NDPK in complex with tenofovir mono- and diphosphate shows that the anal...

We summarize the clinical history and laboratory results following the introduction of tenofovir among 6 patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) who presented with severe liver disease while receiving lamivudine-based highly active antiretroviral therapy. In all cases, the introduction of tenofovir led to a sustained undetectable HBV and HIV loads...

Background Tenofovir is recommended as a first-line therapy in HIV treatment. However, its long term use is associated with proximal tubular injury and renal dysfunction. Tenofovir has been shown to target the proximal tubular mitochondria, resulting in severe mitochondrial injury and overproduction of ROS and RNS. ROS are potent stimuli for the activation of NFB, a key transcription factor, wh...

In our large observational cohort, use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (n=344) was associated with a greater decline in renal function than was use of alternative nucleoside analogues (n=314). Other associations included a lower CD4 cell count, decreased renal function at baseline, and diabetes. The declines were modest and did not lead to greater rates of discontinuation of therapy.

The triple-drug once-daily combination pill containing tenofovir, emtricitabine and rilpivirine for HIV treatment was launched in 2011, both in the USA (Complera) and the E.U. (Eviplera). The active ingredients of Complera or Eviplera are the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI) tenofovir, the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) emtricitabine, and the non-nucleoside ...

BACKGROUND To investigate pharmacokinetic interactions associated with coadministration of lersivirine with zidovudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF)/emtricitabine (Truvada(®)) or abacavir/lamivudine (Epzicom(®)/Kivexa(®)). METHODS Three Phase I, open, crossover studies with two (studies 1 and 3) or three (study 2) treatment periods were conducted in healthy individuals. In study 1, indi...

OBJECTIVE To better characterize the long-term effects of tenofovir on renal function in a large managed care organization. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort analysis in Kaiser Permanente for years 2002 to 2005 comparing renal function among antiretroviral naïve patients initiating a tenofovir-containing regimen (964 patients) or tenofovir-sparing regimens (683 patients). We evaluat...