The cosmetics are the utility products used extensively throughout the world for maintaining and improving general appearance of face and other parts of body e.g. mouth, hand finger, eye, hair, etc. It includes creams, powders, face pack, lotions, moisturizers, shampoo, hair oil, conditioners, nail polish, etc. Smooth, shinning, healthy skin and hair certainly count for a beautiful woman or han...

This study demonstrates the existence of a sex difference in facial contrast. By measuring carefully controlled photographic images, female faces were shown to have greater luminance contrast between the eyes, lips, and the surrounding skin than did male faces. This sex difference in facial contrast was found to influence the perception of facial gender. An androgynous face can be made to appea...

The cosmetic industry is among the first adaptors of nanotechnology through the use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) to enhance the performance of their products and meet the customers' needs. Recently, there have been increasing concerns from different societal stakeholders (e.g., governments, environmental activist pressure groups, scientists, general public, etc.) concerning the safety and...

Formaldehyde (FA) is a common source of allergic contact dermatitis. The source of FA exposure is often difficult to be elucidated. It is generally agreed that the most frequent FA exposure source is cosmetics. The 2,4-dinitrophenyhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) derivatization method followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to determine the FA content in some commercial ...

The FDA has only focused upon the physical safety of cosmetics and has ignored the significant reasonability of advertising claims. As such, the present article is intended to examine/ascertain the extent to which cosmetics claims contain deceptive content in fashion ads. Through a content analysis, the study reported herein revealed that cosmetics claims were not evenly distributed. To that en...

The Japanese Pharmaceutical Affairs Law distinguishes cosmetics from quasi-drugs, and specifies that they must have a mild effect on the human body and must be safe to use over the long term. Therefore, the safety of cosmetics needs to be thoroughly evaluated and confirmed, taking into account the type of cosmetic, application method, conditions of use and so on. Post-marketing surveys of custo...

The present study was conducted to investigate whether forced-choice questions would lead to any particular tendency in young children’s responses. Two experiments were conducted in which 3to 5-year-olds children were shown a short animation and then were asked a set of two-option, forced-choice questions. Consistent findings were obtained: (i) Forced-choice questions influenced children’s resp...

Cosmetology, the science of alteration of appearance, has been practiced since primordial times. In India, the concept of using herbs for beautification finds its origin in traditional medicine literature like Ayurveda. The cosmetic preparations were used for the purpose of worship and sensual enjoyment. Moreover, since centuries, the herbal extracts, as a whole or part thereof, have been used ...

Several studies have found that cosmetics improve female facial attractiveness when judgments are made based on photographs. However, these studies were conducted only in the laboratory, while field studies are scarce in the literature. In fact, only one study has tested the effect of cosmetics on behavior. In this study the effect of cosmetics on tipping behavior and the link between behavior ...