The effect of thermal and solutal buoyancy induced by a discrete source of heat and mass transfer in a square duct under the influence of magnetic field, especially at the turbulent regime for the first time is reported. Al2O3/water nanofluid is used with constant heat flux from three discrete heat sources. In the present study, the effects of Reynolds number (100 to 3000), particle volume frac...

The effect of flow shear on turbulent transport in tokamaks is studied numerically in the experimentally relevant limit of zero magnetic shear. It is found that the plasma is linearly stable for all nonzero flow shear values, but that subcritical turbulence can be sustained nonlinearly at a wide range of temperature gradients. Flow shear increases the nonlinear temperature gradient threshold fo...

Thermal anemometry measurements were performed to evaluate the heat and momentum transport characteristics of wall turbulence over a slightly heated, smooth flat plate with a stepchange in wall temperature. Single-wire, X-probe and triple-wire sensors were employed to measure mean and fluctuating velocity and temperature as well as Reynolds stress and heat flux productions. “Equilibrium” bounda...

Natural convection is a basic process which is important in a wide variety of practical applications [1,2]. In essence, a heated fluid expands and rises from buoyancy due to decreased density. Numerous papers have been written on natural or mixed convection in vertical ducts heated on the side. The effects of added viscous dissipation heat have been considered [3–8]. The fluid motions in all pr...

Internal radiation was investigated using the finite volume method for the heat exchanger method (HEM) growth of oxide crystals. Special attention was devoted to the temperature and thermal stress distributions in the bottom region of the grown crystal at the end of the solidification process. The numerical results show that internal radiation strongly strengthens heat transport through the cry...

introduction: with the rapid increase in use of lasers in medical treatments, it is important to understand the mechanisms of heat transfer in biological tissues in order to minimize damage to the tissues resulting from extra heat applied. the aim of this study is to investigate the temperature distribution in living biological tissues when laser irradiation is used in a treatment. methods:  in...

De Meis, Leopoldo. Control of heat production by the Ca21-ATPase of rabbit and trout sarcoplasmic reticulum. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Cell Physiol. 43): C1738–C1744, 1998.—The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca21-ATPase of rabbit skeletal muscle can convert the energy derived from a Ca21 gradient into heat (L. de Meis, M. L. Bianconi, and V. A. Suzano. FEBS Lett. 406: 201–204, 1997). In this report, it is s...

Analysis of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) in an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) application is presented. An analytic model is developed for describing the heat exchanger-TEG interactions. This model is used to illustrate limitations of applying conventional fixed junction temperature assumptions to systems experiencing significant temperature drops across the heat exchanger surfaces....

Abstract Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) produce electric power from environmental heat energy and are expected to play a key role in powering the Internet of things. However, they require source create stable irreversible temperature gradient. Overcoming these restrictions will allow use TEGs proliferate. Therefore, we propose source-free water-floating carbon nanotube (CNT) TEGs. Output volt...

In Tore Supra plasmas with fast wave electron heating, a critical threshold in the electron temperature gradient (inverted DeltaT(e)) is clearly observed, i.e., a finite value of inverted DeltaT(e) for which the turbulent heat diffusivity vanishes. The radial profile of this critical gradient is experimentally determined from a set of discharges characterized by similar plasma parameters with f...