drought is transient phenomenon , slow , repetitive and integral part of the climate of each region. drought begins with a substantial reduction in precipitation over the long-term average rainfall and over time, reduced soil moisture and surface and ground water resources will continue to decrease. this phenomenon is the most important in bakhtegan basin because of its importance in strategic ...

In this study, detailed fluid flow and heat transfer in cooling plates of polymeric membrane fuel cell is studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. The performances of four different coolant flow field designs were compared in terms of the maximum surface temperature, temperature uniformity and pressure drop characteristics. The results indicate that the porous flow field wit...

Fulx-pinning mechanism and activation energy of MgB2 doped with 10 wt % malic- acid has been investigated by measurement of critical current density and resistivity as a function of magnetic fields and temperatures. The field dependence of the critical current density, Jc(B), was analyzed within the collective pinning model. A crossover field, Bsb, from the single vortex to the small vortex bun...

The magnetization and the critical current density of newly discovered NdO0.82F0.18FeAs superconductor with a critical temperature, Tc,, of 51.5 K has been studied as a function of applied magnetic field and temperature. It was found that this compound exhibits a standard superconductivity with diamagnetic onset close to Tc at a very low applied magnetic field. It was shown that there was a str...

The optical properties and thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes in the presence of Nitrogen doping and electric field investigated via the Green's function method and tight binding approximation. The doping and external fields lead to modifications in the density of state (DOS), optical properties, electrical and thermal conductivity. The band gap decreases by the electric field until reach...

Background and Objectives: Freezing under statically electric fields is one of the novel freezing methods to improve the quality of frozen products by controlling the nucleation process. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of freezing under electrostatic fields on the freezing parameters and microstructures of frozen button mushrooms. Materials and Methods: Mushroom samples w...