The low-level atmospheric temperature inversion is a dominant feature of the Arctic atmosphere throughout most of the year. Meteorological stations that provide radiosonde data are sparsely distributed across the Arctic, and therefore provide little information on the spatial distribution of temperature inversions. Satellite-borne sensors provide an opportunity to fill the observational gap. In...

Water vapor observations by chilled-mirror hygrometers were conducted at Bandung, Indonesia (6.90S, 107.60E) and Tarawa, Kiribati (1.35N, 172.91E) in December 2003 to examine the efficiency of dehydration during horizontal advection in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Trajectory analyses based on bundles of isentropic trajectories suggest that the modification of air parcels’ identity due t...

The spatial and temporal distributions of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) are investigated, using monthly data from the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis for the period 1980–2004. Patterns of atmospheric forcing are identified in observations of sea level pressure and air–sea heat fluxes. It is found that a significant fraction of SST variability in the ACC...

A stochastic state space model for the estimation f fiver temperature is presented, setting the stage for its implementation in optimal control algorithms. Physical processes modeled include advection, diffusion, and environmental heat exchange; the mathematical formulation isone dimensional. The deterministic formulation uses a hybrid characteristics-finite differences numerical scheme for the...

[1] A multiple‐box model was developed to determine how meteorological, anthropogenic, and biological processes combine to produce diel cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2) mole fraction during each of the four calendar‐based seasons within Salt Lake Valley, Utah, USA. The model was forced by observed winds, sounding‐derived mixing depths, an anthropogenic CO2 emissions inventory, and net biological ...

Systems in which reaction terms are coupled to diffusion and advection transports arise in a wide range of chemical engineering applications, physics, biology and environmental. In these cases, the components of the unknown can denote concentrations or population sizes which represent quantities and they need to remain positive. Classical finite difference schemes may produce numerical drawback...

The thermal energy transfer from the sea surface to the atmosphere associated with a cold surge event was investigated with observations from radiosondes on the research vessel “Hakuho-maru” over the Philippine Sea in December 2012. These observations were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained from observations over the East China Sea in the Air Mass Transformation Experim...

Island thermal effects on the trail cloud band over the central North Pacific are investigated for the lee of Hawaii using satellite observations and a regional atmospheric model. The trail cloud band develops around noon and peaks in cloudiness in the early afternoon. The analysis of numerical simulations of the Kauai wake suggests that a dynamically induced convergence zone forms in the lee o...

Viscous rotating accretion ows around black holes become advection-dominated when the accretion rate _ M is su ciently low. Most of the accretion energy in such ows is stored within the gas and advected radially inward. The temperature is therefore very high, and much of the radiation comes out in hard X-rays and -rays. We have constructed an advection-dominated accretion ow model for the Galac...