In this paper we present the state of the art in writer identification and verification of handwritten text. In addition, a special and extensive survey of writer identification and verification of Arabic handwritten text is also included. Different feature extraction techniques are addressed showing the different research groups’ efforts as well as individual efforts. The different classificat...

Writer identification is an authorship authentication process based differences and similarities in handwriting. The main issue in writer identification is how to get the features that invariant to the writer. This study proposes Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) based off-line text-dependent to investigate the effectiveness of feature weight in writer identification. BPSO has ability t...

Writer identification is one of the areas in pattern recognition that attract many researchers to work in, particularly in forensic and biometric application, where the writing style can be used as biometric features for authenticating an identity. The challenging task in writer identification is the extraction of unique features, in which the individualistic of such handwriting styles can be a...

Automatic writer identification and writer verification has recently received significant attention in the field of historical analysis. In this work a short overview of current approaches for writer identification is given. Current state-of-the-art results on contemporary data are related to different approaches for writer verification on a small dataset of datum lines extracted from papal cha...

This Article considers a new development in medical practice-the use of medical decision-support tools-and positions it within one of the most enduring debates at the intersection of administrative law and tort law. The Article identifies key factors that policy-makers in medical, environmental, and other contexts use to decide between regulatory and tort approaches to public protection, and ar...

INTRODUCTION One of the ethical issues surrounding birth cohort studies is how to obtain informed assent from children as they grow up. What and how parents tell their children affects children's future choices about the study, yet few studies have focused on parents' influence on children. OBJECTIVE This study examines parents' attitudes towards telling their children about their participati...

We propose a general method for adapting a writerindependent classifier to an individual writer. We employ a mixture of experts formulation, where the classifiers are trained on weighted clusters of writers. The clusters are determined by which experts classify individual writing correctly. The method adapts by choosing the appropriate combination of classifiers for a new user. It applies to an...

State-of-the-art systems for automatic writer identification from handwritten text are based on two approaches: a statistical approach or a model-based approach. Both approaches have limitations. The main limitation of the statistical approach is that it relies on single-scale statistical features. The main limitation of the model-based approach is that the codebook generation is time-consuming...

In this paper, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of a new distributed shared memory (DSM) coherence model called multiple-writer entry consistency (MEC). MEC combines the eecient communication mechanisms of Lazy Release Consistency (LRC) with the exible data management of the Shared Regions 17, 11] and Entry Consistency (EC) models 5]. This is achieved in MEC by decoupling sy...