Evolutionary timescales have mainly used fossils for calibrating molecular clocks, though fossils only really provide minimum clade age constraints. In their place, phylogenetic trees can be calibrated by precisely dated geological events that have shaped biogeography. However, tectonic episodes are protracted, their role in vicariance is rarely justified, the biogeography of living clades and ...

In south China the Lushan massif forms a Jurassic through Early Triassic [e.g., Mattauer et al., 1985, topographic high of the South China Block south of the 1991; Okay et al., 1993; Hacker et al., 1996; Gilder et al., Qinling-Dabie belt. The Lushan massif consists of two main 1999]. The noah directed continental subduction of south lithotectonic units separated by a major tectonic ontact: a Ch...

[1] Definitive exposures of pristine, ancient crust on Mars are rare, and the finding that much of the ancient Noachian terrain on Mars exhibits evidence of phyllosilicate alteration adds further complexity. We have analyzed high-resolution data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in the well-exposed Noachian crust surrounding the Isidis basin.We focus on data from the Compact Reconnaissance I...

abstract: the aim of this study is analysis of drainage basins neotectonic in the north slope of bozqoosh mountains by geomorphological methods. to attain this aim, it used of field observation, areal photographs and five geomorphic indexes in 20 basins of the north slope of bozqoosh mountains. indexes were calculated by topography maps (1: 50000), geological maps (1: 100000) and areal photogr...

tectonic processes are major factors controlling landform development in tectonically active areas. in order to evaluate quantitative measurement of tectonic activities in the alamarvdasht basin in the south of iran, six different morphological indices including stream-gradient index (sl), drainage basin asymmetry (af), hypsometric integral (hi), valley floor width-valley height ratio (vf), dra...

the study area is located in the northeast of iran. miankuhi formation is 500m thick and comprises homogeneous shales, brown granular sandstone and siltstone. in this study, 45 samples were taken from miankuhi shales and sandstones in order to determine their tectonic origin by using a polarizing microscope. samples were analysed by x-ray fluorescence (xrf) method to determine their chemical co...

A microtectonic study was conducted in the Levac region of central Serbia. Here, tectonic contacts between Europe?derived units, including Serbo-Macedonian unit and Jurassic sedimentary cover European margin, Eastern Vardar Ophiolitic unit, are exposed at surface. The results indicate that contact zone underwent least two ductile contractional deformation phases. older contraction associated wi...