BACKGROUND The rat model of radiation-induced carcinogenesis is widely used to estimate breast cancer risk, but it is unknown whether mammary terminal end buds (TEBs), the hypothesized target of chemical carcinogens, are also targets of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated with X-rays (2 Gy). The morphology, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU...

Spectrum sensing, the problem of detecting the presence of licensed user in the channel is considered in this paper. Energy detection is best suited for the spectrum sensing when prior knowledge about the primary users is unavailable. Existing works report improved versions of energy detection which primarily focuses on maximizing the detection performance. Sensing error minimization is an impo...

The GATA family of transcription factors plays fundamental roles in cell-fate specification. However, it is unclear if these genes are necessary for the maintenance of cellular differentiation after development. We identified GATA-3 as the most highly enriched transcription factor in the mammary epithelium of pubertal mice. GATA-3 was found in the luminal cells of mammary ducts and the body cel...

I view the World Wide Web as an information food chain (figure 1). The maze of pages and hyperlinks that comprise the Web are at the very bottom of the chain. The WebCrawlers and Alta Vistas of the world are information herbivores; they graze on Web pages and regurgitate them as searchable indices. Today, most Web users feed near the bottom of the information food chain, but the time is ripe to...

Abstract Several urban canopy models now incorporate vegetation to represent local cooling related natural soils and plants evapotranspiration. Nevertheless, little is known about the realism of simulating these processes turbulent exchanges within canopy. Here, coupled modelling thermal hydrological was investigated for a lawn located in an environment, which soil temperature water content mea...

The hypothesis of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGS) was first proposed 20 years ago, suggesting that elimination of aneuploid embryos prior to transfer will improve implantation rates of remaining embryos during in vitro fertilization (IVF), increase pregnancy and live birth rates and reduce miscarriages. The aforementioned improved outcome was based on 5 essential assumptions: (i) Most I...