Dry eye disease is a devastating and multifactorial disorder of the tear-film layer and ocular surface. Multiple symptoms include multiple eye irritation, and visual disturbances, and signs have tear-film instability, along with the potential for injuring the ocular surface. Accumulating evidence indicates that dry eye disease is accompanied by hyperosmolarity of the tear film and inflammation ...

Tear exchange beneath a contact lens facilitates ongoing fluid replenishment between the ocular surface and the lens. This exchange is considerably lower during the wear of soft lenses compared with rigid lenses. As a result, the accumulation of tear film debris and metabolic by-products between the cornea and a soft contact lens increases, potentially leading to complications. Lens design inno...

PURPOSE Plasminogen activator activity (PAA) in tears of pregnant women was investigated at various gestation times to assess the availability of plasminogen activator for aiding potential corneal wound healing processes during pregnancy. METHODS PAA was measured by a spectrophotometric method. The analysis used 91 tear samples from pregnant and non-pregnant women, supplemented with 10 additi...

the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a hyaluronic acid containing eye drop in ameliorating ocular surface pathology and discomfort in canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (kcs). twenty five dogs with kcs treated with a topical carbomer (ca)-based tear replacement gel were moved to treatment with a hyaluronic acid (ha)-containing tear replacement eye drop. dogs were subject to a fu...

background: ramadan fasting may alter a variety of physiological parameters which by themselves influence ocular system. here, we review the effects of ramadan fasting on the health and function of the eye. materials and methods: literature records in  pubmed/medline, web of science, embase, google scholar, and iran medex databases as well as proceedings of related meetings  from january 1986 t...

Dry eye is one of the most commonly encountered problems in ophthalmology. Signs can include punctate epithelial erosions, hyperemia, low tear lakes, rapid tear break-up time, and meibomian gland disease. Current methods of diagnosis include a slit-lamp examination with and without different stains, including fluorescein, rose bengal, and lissamine green. Other methods are the Schirmer test, te...

The mechanisms of tear flow, blinking, and tear drainage were studied employing high speed slit-lamp cinematography using a polystyrene microsphere suspension as a tracer of tear movement. It was demonstrated that: (1) Tears are drawn into the canaliculi during the relaxation phase of blinking. (2) Both superior and inferior puncta function as normal tear drainage routes. (3) The superior punct...

PURPOSE To measure secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) levels in human tears and to investigate tear SFRP1 as a potential biomarker for keratoconus (KC). METHODS Tears were collected from control (n = 33) and KC patients (n = 33) using micropipette tubes. Total tear protein was measured using a FluoroProfile Protein Quantification kit. An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EL...

Dear Editor, The causes of epiphora can be separated into two categories: (1) reflex epiphora, which is caused by surface damage to the eye or infectious ocular disease, and (2) lacrimal pumping failure, which is caused by anatomical and functional failure in the outflow tract due to abnormal position of the lacrimal puncta or closure of the nasolacrimal duct [1,2]. The abnormal position of the...