This paper evaluates the effects of two subsidy schemes targeted at disadvantaged students in the Netherlands. The first scheme gives schools with at least 70 percent minority students extra funding for personnel. The second scheme gives schools with at least 70 percent students from different disadvantaged groups extra funding for computers and for language materials. The cutoffs at 70 percent...

In this paper we examine the impact of the combined state and federal mortgage interest tax subsidies to homeownership on homeownership attainment, using panel data from 1984 to 2007 and exploiting the fact that the value of these subsidies may vary by income group across states and over time and depending on local housing market conditions and lending standards. We also exploit the fact that h...

Over half a million children in the United States are currently in foster care, many of whom are at risk for long-lasting emotional and health problems. Because research suggests that adoption may be one of the most promising options for the placement of these at-risk children, various policies have been introduced at all levels of government to encourage adoption. In 1980, Congress passed the ...

Larvae of intertidal species develop at sea and must return to adult habitats to replenish populations. Similarly, nutrients, detritus and plankton provide important subsidies spurring growth and reproduction of macroalgae and filter-feeding invertebrates that form the foundation of intertidal communities. Together, these factors determine the density and intensity of interactions among communi...

this paper estimates the trend of total energy subsidies from year 2003 (that is 16.68% of gdp) and running a model, predicts that energy subsidies will reach to 20% of gdp by 2019 if subsidies continue. also environmental damage costs of energy consumption have been entered the model (environmental cost-benefit analysis model: ecba model) in addition to the vast amounts of subsidies. so damage...

BACKGROUND Developing countries face challenges in financing healthcare; often the poor do not receive the most basic services. The past decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of voucher programs, which target output-based subsidies for specific services to poor and underserved groups. The dearth of literature that examines lessons learned risks the wheel being endlessly reinvented. Thi...

This paper analyzes the joint design of innovation and competition policy. It focuses on collusion sustainability changes due to implementation of antitrust fines and R&D subsidies in an extension of a model by Miyagiwa (2009). Generic subsidies for R&D are found not to facilitate collusion, while additional subsidization to research joint ventures (RJVs) can be collusion facilitating. We also ...

Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 86 How was the decline of inclusion caused? .............................................................................. 88 Why is the decline of inclusion a problem for social action? ................................................ 90 Graduated (and ...

In response to parasite resistance to older malaria medicines, the global health community is planning to make new, more effective malaria treatments called Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs) available over-the-counter at heavily subsidized rates throughout Africa. While this may go a long way toward reducing under-treatment (thereby saving lives in the short-run), it is also likely to in...