The observation was made of variations in human cigarette smoking habits. This suggested that examination by an analytic smoking machine be undertaken to discover whether yields of tobacco tar in simulations of these habits might differ. It was found in various experiments that: (a) Smoking a given number of puffs over a long period of time results in greater tar retrieval than smoking them ove...

A gene encoding only the C-terminal portion of the receptor-transducer protein Tar of Escherichia coli was constructed. The gene product was detected and localized in the cytoplasmic fraction of the cell by immunoblotting with anti-Tar antibodies. The C-terminal fragments from wild-type and mutant tar genes were characterized in vivo. The C-terminal fragment generated from tar-526, a mutation t...

We performed intrinsic peptide fluorescence experiments to characterize the interaction between variants of the HIV-1 Tat(32-72) peptide BP1 and TAR RNA. Kd values for wild-type BP1 and cysteine-modified BP1 were found to be in the range of 60 to 70 nM for both peptides, indicating that free sulfhydryl groups of the cysteines within the peptide are not required for high affinity TAR binding. Th...

Reverse transcription of the HIV-1 RNA genome involves several complex nucleic acid rearrangement steps that are catalyzed by the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NC), including for example, the annealing of the transactivation response (TAR) region of the viral RNA to the complementary region (TAR DNA) in minus-strand strong-stop DNA. We report herein single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy t...

The interaction of the trans-activation responsive (TAR) region of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) RNA with the Tat peptide is known to play important role in viral replication. Despite being thoroughly studied through a structural point of view, the nature of binding between BIV TAR RNA and the BIV Tat peptide requires information related to its thermodynamics and the nature of hydration a...

Coal tar pitch (CTP) is a byproduct of coal tar distillation. The workers working with coal tar or in aluminum smelters, potrooms and carbon plants have the opportunities of exposing to coal tar pitch volatiles. Coal tar pitches from which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) originate have been shown to exhibit lung carcinogenicity in humans. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a mechanism in ...

In this paper variable bit rate VBR Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) coded full-motion video traffic is modeled by a nonlinear time-series process. The threshold autoregressive (TAR) process is of particular interest. The TAR model is comprised of a set of autoregressive (AR) processes that are switched between amplitude sub-regions. To model the dynamics of the switching between the sub-reg...

In this paper, variable bit rate (VBR) H.261 encoded video traffic is modeled by a nonlinear time series process. A threshold autoregressive (TAR) process is of particular interest. The TAR model is comprised of a set of autoregressive (AR) processes that are switched according to the amplitude of bit rates of the time series. The TAR model is shown to capture accurately the statistical charact...

It has previously been shown that transcription greatly enhances recombination in mammalian cells. However, the proteins involved in catalysing this process and the recombination pathways involved in transcription-associated recombination (TAR) are still unknown. It is well established that both the BRCA2 protein and the RAD51 paralog protein XRCC2 are required for homologous recombination. Her...

MATERIALS Pavement Core Samples COAL TAR AND ASPHALT CEMENT SAMPLES METHODS OF ANALYSIS Binder Content PAH Analysis Analysis of Phenols Modified Ames Assay RESULTS Coal Tar and Asphalt Cement Core Sample Analyses COMPARISON OF CORE SAMPLES WITH U.S. AND EUROPEAN ASPHALT AND COAL TARS COMPARISON OF DIN METHOD FOR PHENOLS WITH THE CORE SAMPLES COMPARISON OF MODIFIED AMES TEST RESULTS DISCUSSION C...