In this study, a method was developed for determination of steroid hormones (17beta-estradiol, estrone, 17alpha-ethynylestradiol) in tap and sewage water samples from Sweden. Sample preparation and analysis were performed by a hollow-fibre microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (HF-MMLLE) set-up combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In this approach, only the organi...

Present preliminary scientific trial was designed to investigate of microwave effects on Japanese quails as an animal model. Thirty six three days-old quail chicks were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups and received: A) un-treated tap water, B) tap water boiled by electrical heater and then cooled and C) tap water treated by microwave oven and then cooled. The whole experimental perio...

Infection is a major factor that postpones wound healing specially in traumatic wounds. Many reports indicate important role of washing solutions on preventing wound infections. Tap water has been used for centuries as a wound cleanser without evidence of adverse effects or associated infection risk. Normal sterile saline is also regarded as the most appropriate and preferred cleansing solution...

This study investigates the effects of water solutions on the antioxidant content of green tea leaf extracts. Green teas prepared with tap water and distilled water were compared with respect to four antioxidant assays: total phenol content, reducing power, DMPD assay, and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay. The results indicate that green tea prepared with distilled water exhibits hi...

Samples of various brands of bottled water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania were analyzed for physicochemical water quality parameters. For comparison purposes, tap water was similarly examined. The results showed great variations in physico-chemical quality of bottled water, with some samples exceeding the Tanzania Drinking Water Quality Standards for nitrate, pH and lead. Significant discrepan...

AIM This study examined the effects on disinfection by-product (DBP) concentrations of common household methods for processing drinking water. METHODS We investigated the effects of refrigerator storage, jug filtering, boiling in an electric kettle, and supply from an instant boiling water unit, with or without filtering, on four species of trihalomethanes (THMs) and nine species of haloaceti...