BACKGROUND Few studies have examined water consumption patterns among U.S. children. Additionally, recent data on total water consumption as it relates to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are lacking. This study evaluated the consumption of plain water (tap and bottled) and other beverages among US children by age group, gender, income-to-poverty ratio, and race/ethnicity. Comparisons were m...

The iodine intake level of the population is of major importance for the occurrence of thyroid disorders in an area. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of drinking water iodine content for the known regional differences in iodine intake in Denmark and for the iodine content of infant formulas. Iodine in tap water obtained from 55 different locations in Denmark varied fr...

A Geographic Information System (GIS) coupled with environmental and health data was used for the study of human exposure to fluoride in the city of San Luis Potosi (SLP). The city was divided into four different risk areas. These areas were categorized according to fluoride levels in tap water, fluoride concentrations in well water and dental fluorosis prevalence in children. Fluoride levels i...

The aim of this study is to determine the adsorption performance of three types of adsorbents for removal of As(V) from water: Bayoxide® E33 (granular iron(III) oxide), Titansorb® (granular titanium oxide) and a suspension of precipitated iron(III) hydroxide. Results of As(V) adsorption stoichiometry of two commercial adsorbents and precipitated iron(III) hydroxide in tap and demineralized wate...

Ozonation experiments were performed using unchlorinated tap water used for filling municipal swimming pools, actual pool water and pool water polluted by addition of fresh tap water and artificial body fluid to evaluate ozone kinetics and water quality effects on formation of volatile disinfection byproducts during subsequent chlorination. The ozone reaction was observed to behave according to...

6 [1] The demand for bottled water has increased rapidly over the past decade, but bottled 7 water is extremely costly compared to tap water. The convenience of bottled water 8 surely matters to consumers, but are others factors at work? This manuscript examines 9 whether purchases of bottled water are associated with the perceived risk of tap water. All 10 of the past studies on bottled water ...

OBJECTIVES To compare individuals consuming natural spring water and tap water in terms of presence of urinary tract stone disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the type of water: tap water (Group I) vs natural spring water consumers (Group II). The two groups were compared in terms of presence of urolithiasis. In addition to the type of water con...