Introduction: Predicting the size of unerupted teeth during the mixed dentition period is a critical factor in managing the developing occlusion. The Nance radiographic method, Moyers mixed dentition space analysis and Johnston Tanaka method are among the most commonly used in clinical practice for detecting tooth sizearch length discrepancies. In view of reported secular trends, racial, and se...

Age-based prediction equations of maximal heart rate (HRmax), such as the popular formulas Fox's 220-age, or Tanaka's 208-0.7 × age, have been widely used in various populations. Surprisingly, so far these equations have not been validated in marathon runners, despite the importance of the role of HRmax for training purposes in endurance running. The aim of the present study was to examine the ...

BACKGROUND Accurate prediction of the space forms an important part of an orthodontic assessment in the mixed dentition. However the most commonly used methods of space analysis are based on data developed on Caucasian populations. In order to provide more accurate local data we set out to develop a formula for predicting the widths of un-erupted canines and premolars for a Ugandan population a...

It has been well shown through the observations both in vivo (King and Sullivan 1947, Belkin 1948, Greenspan, Leiter and Shear 1950, Leiter, Downing, Hartwell and Shear 1950, MacCardle 1951, Makino and Tanaka 1953, etc.) and in vitro (Ormsbee, Cornman and Berger 1949, Makino and Cornman 1953) that podophyllin and its components do exert a powerful mitotic poisoning effect and do damage both mal...

Pig heart peroxisomal carbonyl reductase (PerCR) belongs to the short chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) family, a large and diverse family of enzymes found in bacteria, yeast, and multicellular animals (Kallberg et al., 2002). The discovery that enzymes that catalyzed the synthesis or inactivation of steroid hormones, such as estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol were SDRs, stimulated init...

The Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model is described by fuzzy if-then rules which represent local linear systems of the underlining nonlinear systems (Takagi & Sugeno, 1985; Tanaka et al., 1996; Tanaka & Sugeno, 1992) and thus it can describe a wide class of nonlinear systems. In the last decade, nonlinear control design methods based on Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system have been explored. Since the stability ...

BACKGROUND Although maximal heart rate (HR max) is widely used to assess exercise intensity in sport training, and particularly in soccer, there are limited data with regards to the use of age-based prediction equations of HR max in soccer players. The aim of this study was to compare the measured-HR max with two prediction equations (Fox-HR max = 220 - age and Tanaka-HR max = 208 - 0.7 × age) ...