TAMs are usually abundant in the tumor microenvironment and are now known to play an essential role in tumor progression. For example, TAMs influence many aspects of tumorigenesis, such as the growth, survival, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells, tumor angiogenesis, and the suppression of other tumor-infiltrating immune effector cells. The molecular pathways that regulate these tumor-promo...

Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer death. The inflammatory tumor microenvironment contributes to metastasis, for instance, by recruiting blood and lymph vessels. Among tumor-infiltrating immune cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) take a center stage in promoting both tumor angiogenesis and metastatic spread. We found that genetic deletion of the S1P receptor 1 (S1pr1) alone in CD1...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for skin pre-cancerous lesions and tumors. During PDT, photosensitizer (PS) activated by the appropriate wavelength of light in an oxygen environment to produce reactive species tumor-killing. Generally, photodynamic requires repeated treatment cycles, which can potentially induce resistance become increasing awareness clinical work. However, its...

Purpose: Elevated numbers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in the tumor microenvironment are often correlatedwith poor prognosis inmelanoma.However, themechanisms bywhich TAMsmodulate melanoma growth are still poorly understood. This study was aimed at examining the function and mechanism of TAM-derived adrenomedullin (ADM) in angiogenesis and melanoma growth. Experimental Design:We establ...

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), most of which display the immunosuppressive M2 phenotype, affect the tumor microenvironment and promote progression and metastasis in lung carcinoma. In this study, we analyzed clinical non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples and found that high densities of TAMs were associated with a poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Moreover, the number of TAMs present...

The role of a tumor immune infiltrate in cancer progression and metastasis has been debated frequently. Although often considered to be associated with improved prognosis and leading to the enhanced survival of cancer patients, inflammatory cells have also been described to assist the tumor's capabilities to progress, proliferate, and metastasize. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), for exampl...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive human cancers worldwide. HCC is an example of inflammation-related cancer and represents a paradigm of the relation occurring between tumor microenvironment and tumor development. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of leukocyte infiltrate of tumors and play a pivotal role in tumor progression of infla...

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in cancer stroma play important roles for cancer cell growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastases. We synthesized a novel photosensitizer, mannose-conjugated chlorin (M-chlorin), designed to bind mannose receptors highly expressed on TAMs. We evaluated the newly available photodynamic therapy (PDT) with M-chlorin against gastric and colon cancer. We evaluat...

As the most predominant tumour-infiltrating immune cells, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are significant for fostering tumour growth, progression and metastasis. CD68-positive TAMs display dissimilarly polarized programmes comprising CD11c-positive pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) and CD206-positive immunosuppressive macrophages (M2). The aim of this study is to determine the prognostic ...