Hair cells, like retinal photoreceptors and bipolar cells, encode stimuli with graded changes in membrane potential and transmit that signal through ribbon synapses to drive action potentials in associated afferent neurons (Sterling and Matthews 2005). Thus one would expect transmitter release from ribbons to vary in interesting ways from that evoked by action potentials at conventional chemica...

Nsplp interacts with nuclear pore proteins Nup49p, Nup57p and Nic96p in a stable complex which participates in nucleocytoplasmic transport. An additional p80 component is associated with Nsplp, but does not co-purify with tagged Nup57p, Nup49p and Nic96p. The p80 gene was cloned and encodes a novel essential nuclear pore protein named Nup82p. Immunoprecipitation of tagged Nup82p reveals that it...

a-Neo-endorphin anddynorphin immunoreactivities in rat brain were visualized by double antibody immunofluorescence of frozen sections. Antibodies were used that were specific for their respective antigens. The pattern of neuronal immunostaining produced by a-neo-endorphin and dynorphin antisera in adjacent serial sections was completely superimposible. No areas were found in which a-neo-endorph...

Phialophora gregata (Allington & D. W. Chamberlain) W. Gams, the causal agent of brown stem rot (BSR) of soybean (Glycine max L.) (1), and Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, the soybean cyst nematode, are widely distributed throughout the midwestern United States (32). The current recommended management strategy for both pathogens is the use of resistant soybean cultivars combined with rotation to n...

The histone methyltransferase SETDB1 contributes to the silencing of local chromatin and the target specificity appears to be determined through various proteins that SETDB1 interacts with. This fundamental function endows SETDB1 with specialized roles in embryonic cells. Keeping the genomic and transcriptomic integrity via proviral silencing and maintaining the pluripotency by repressing the d...

Emerging coherent X-ray scattering patterns of single particles have shown dominant morphological signatures in agreement with predictions of the scattering model used for conventional protein crystallography. The key question is if and to what extent these scattering patterns contain volumetric information, and what model can retrieve it. The scattering model of protein crystallography is vali...

Callus tissues induced from shoots of species in the orange subfamily (Aurantioideae) were grafted in vitro to evaluate the correlation between reaction at the callus graft interface and taxonomic relationship. The graft interface between two pieces of callus from species that are taxonomically close was not distinguishable by anatomical observations. On the other hand, in the combinations of l...

The field emission characteristics of individual Mo emitters were measured before and after diamond deposition, as well as before and after annealing. After coating without annealing, the emission current increased dramatically. Subsequent annealing resulted in further increases in emission and improved current stability. After coating, the energy distribution of the emitted electrons was found...

Melanocytes are cells specialized in the synthesis of the pigment melanin, in the form of eumelanin, the brown/black, and pheomelanin, the red/yellow pigment (Ito and Wakamatsu 2003). Melanocytes reside in the cutaneous epidermis, within hair follicles, in the eye, the leptomeninges, the inner ear, and as has been demonstrated lately, in the heart (Brito and Kos 2008; Goldgeier et al. 1984; Tac...

The coordinated activity of estrogens and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family agonists represents the main determinant of breast cancer cell proliferation. Stromal cellderived factor-1 (SDF-1) enhances extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) activity via the transactivation of EGFR and 17 -estradiol (E2) induces SDF-1 production to exert autocrine proliferative effect...