Tumor-derived galectin-1 (Gal-1), a β-galactoside-binding S-type lectin, has been shown to encourage T-cell death and promote T cell-mediated tumor immune escape. In this report, we show that patients with leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, known to have limited complexity of their T-cell repertoires, have a predominant T helper type-2 (Th2) cytokine profile and significantly elevated plasma ...

BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by defective skin barrier and imbalance in T helper 1/T helper 2 (Th1/Th2) cytokine expression. Filaggrin (FLG) is the key protein to maintaining skin barrier function. Recent studies indicated that Th1/Th2 cytokines influence FLG expression in keratinocytes. However, the role of Th1/Th2 cytokines on FLG processing is not substantially document...

Nearly one quarter of the world's population is infected with helminth parasites. A common feature of helminth infections is the manifestation of a type 2 immune response, characterized by T helper 2 (Th2) cells that mediate anti-helminth immunity. In addition, recent literature describes a close association between type 2 immune responses and wound repair, suggesting that a Th2 response may co...

c-maf is a T helper (Th)2 cell-specific transcription factor, which promotes the differentiation of Th2 cells mainly by an IL-4-dependent mechanism. It remains unclear whether c-maf possesses any IL-4-independent function in regulating the production of Th2 cytokines. Here, we provide evidence demonstrating that c-maf, independent of IL-4, is essential for normal induction of CD25 in developing...

The transcription factor GATA3 plays an essential role during T cell development and T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation. To understand GATA3-mediated gene regulation, we identified genome-wide GATA3 binding sites in ten well-defined developmental and effector T lymphocyte lineages. In the thymus, GATA3 directly regulated many critical factors, including Th-POK, Notch1, and T cell receptor su...

The Nod-like receptor NLRP3 is involved in the formation of NLRP3. Up to now, the immunological functions of NLRP3 independently of inflammasome is unclear. In this dataset containing 6 samples (TH0, TH2 cells at day 3 and day 6 in wild type or Nlrp3 deficient cells), we show that NLRP3 expression in CD4(+) T cells supports a T helper 2 (TH2) transcriptional program in a cell-intrinsic manner (...

T helper (Th) 2 cells selectively express IL-21 in addition to the classic Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. In contrast to these clustered Th2 cell cytokine genes, the IL-21 gene resides on a different chromosome and is not coordinately regulated by the same locus control region that directs the expression of other Th2 cytokines. We demonstrate that the proximal promoter of IL-21 controls i...

In this article, we use system dynamical model (base on a set of nonlinear differential equations) and stochastic process model (Master equations of elementary reaction) to simulate the T helper cell differentiation (including Th1-Th2-Th17-Treg), especially the Th1-Th2 differentiations signaling network. We draw a conclusion that the critical trigger factor of naive T helper cells differentiati...

T helper (Th) 2 lymphocytes play a crucial role in the initiation, progression and persistence of allergic diseases, including asthma. Drugs that interfere with the activation of T-cells or more selectively Th2-specific signaling molecules and drugs that prevent the selective migration into lung tissue are promising novel strategies for the treatment of allergic asthma. Although the mainstay as...

E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b has emerged as a gatekeeper that controls the activation threshold of the T cell antigen receptor and maintains the balance between tolerance and autoimmunity. Here, we report that the loss of Cbl-b facilitates T helper 2 (Th2) and Th9 cell differentiation in vitro. In a mouse model of asthma, the absence of Cbl-b results in severe airway inflammation and stronger Th2 ...