The larger brain of the rat enables a much greater repertoire of complex behaviors than mice, likely making rats preferential for investigating neurodegeneration. Because molecular tools for specific expression of transgenes in the rat brain are sparse, we chose Prnp encoding the prion protein (PrP) to develop a novel vector to drive transgene expression in the rat brain. We compared the rat Pr...

BACKGROUND The influx of Syrian refugees into Jordan presents an immense burden to the Jordanian health system. Changing lifestyles and aging populations are shifting the global disease burden towards increased non-infectious diseases including chronic conditions, co-morbidities, and injuries which are more complicated and costly to manage. The strain placed on health systems threatens the abil...

In the present subchronic study, we compared pleural inflammation, visceral pleural collagen deposition, and visceral and parietal pleural mesothelial cell proliferation in rats and hamsters identically exposed to a kaolin-based refractory ceramic fiber, (RCF)-1 by nose-only inhalation exposure, and correlated the results to translocation of fibers to the pleural cavity. Fischer 344 rats and Sy...

This paper deals with interaction in Arabic (Syrian dialect). It is based on a corpus of service encounters, more precisely “shop encounters”, which were recorded small shops Damascus. The characteristics this type will be summarised the first part paper. analysis concentrate pragmatic level, ie. speech acts and activities, description pay particular attention to interpersonal relationships. me...

While the con£ict in Syria rages on, one psychiatrist and several psychologists, all of themSyrian refugees, have founded ‘Syria Bright Future’ , a volunteer organisation that provides psychosocial and mental health services to Syrian refugees in Jordan. This ¢eld report describes how the organisation assists families in settling after their harsh journey, in adapting to newlivingconditions and...

Hamsters were trained to go left and right to sounds on their left and right sides, respectively. Silent trials were occasionally given in which no sound was presented. Hamsters exposed to a loud 2- or 10-kHz tone in 1 ear often shifted their responding on the silent trials to the side of the exposed ear, suggesting that they perceived a sound in that ear (i.e., tinnitus). The degree of tinnitu...

The responses of 2- and 8-day-old rats (Rattus norvegicus) and hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) to thermal stimulation were assessed in 4 experiments. In Experiment 1, the surface underlying the pup was cooled, and the latency to escape to a region of warmth was measured. Experiment 2 required pups to locomote farther to gain access to warmth. Experiment 3 was similar to Experiment 1 except the ...

auratus) and the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus), exposure to short daylengths, as would naturally occur during the autumn and winter months, induces a decreased function at all levels of the reproductive hypothalamic–pituitary– gonadal axis (Hoffman and Reiter, 1965; Hoffmann, 1973; Arendt, 1995). In Siberian hamsters, it has been clearly demonstrated that this short-day inhibition of the...