A genome synthesized entirely from scratch has been used to replace the native genome of a living cell, thus creating a new cell. This achievement marks a new frontier in synthetic biology to design and create genomes for organisms with few genetic tools and for applications in areas of energy, health care and the environment.

Economic evaluations of integrated pest management strategies are becoming increasingly important as restrictions on conventional insecticides continue to become more stringent and chemical control costs rise. Aerosol treatments with insect growth regulators alone and in combination with conventional contact insecticides may be a feasible alternative to expensive and highly toxic fumigants such...

Ovicidal activity and killing times were evaluated for six pediculicides, using viable eggs and recently fed head lice from infested children. Lice were continuously exposed to the products until death, and elapsed time was recorded. Eggs were immersed for ten minutes, rinsed, and dried. Four synergized pyrethrin products (RID, R&C Shampoo, A-200 Pyrinate Shampoo, A-200 Pyrinate Liquid) killed ...

The alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major pest of alfalfa Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae). While H. postica usually causes the most damage before the first cutting, in summer of 2015 damaging levels of the pest persisted in Montana well after the first harvest of alfalfa. Although conventional insecticides can control H. postica, these chemicals have adverse effec...

Ultra-low volume (ULV) application of insecticide is widely recognized to be effective against adult mosquitoes. Hobbs (1976) reported that ULV applications of synergized pyrethrins applied with ground equipment reduced the natural population of ArnpheLes albimanus Wied.. during a heavy malaria transmission season. However, a single ULV application cannot be expected to provide lasting effectiv...