Diagnosing the climate of New Zealand from low-resolution General Circulation Models (GCMs) is notoriously difficult due to the interaction of the complex topography and the Southern Hemisphere (SH) mid-latitude westerly winds. Therefore, methods of downscaling synoptic scale model data for New Zealand are useful to help understand past climate. New Zealand also has a wealth of palaeoclimate-pr...

It has been well established that both meteorological attributes and air pollution concentrations affect human health outcomes. We examined all cause nonaccident mortality relationships for 28 years (1981-2008) in relation to air pollution and synoptic weather type (encompassing air mass) data in 12 Canadian cities. This study first determines the likelihood of summertime extreme air pollution ...

Weather types (WTs) are often used to assess the relationships between synoptic-scale atmospheric dynamics and local scale climate anomalies. We focus here on Aotearoa New Zealand (ANZ) where pre-existing WTs have recently been characterized using a set of descriptors monitoring daily location intensity their main centres action (ACAs). show that precipitation temperature anomalies associated w...

Synoptic weather-typing, or the classification of weather conditions into categories, is a useful tool for climate impact applications. Numerous procedures have been developed to accomplish this goal. Before the advent of high-speed computers, manual methods were most common; more recently, more automated methods have come into wide use. Both types of classification have shortcomings; manual me...

The surface observations used in the initial assessment of Seasat are discussed with emphasis on their ability to describe the synoptic-scale winds over the ocean.

Rawinsonde data collected from the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) were used to investigate the mean and temporal characteristics of large-scale heat and moisture budgets for a 2-week period in June 1992. During this period a large apparent heat sink and an apparent moisture source were observed near inversion base. Analyses from other budget studies show that similar conve...

Low visibility caused by fog events can lead to disruption of every type public transportation, and even loss life. The focus this study is the synoptic conditions associated with formation. data used in was collected over course ten years (2010–2019) Sofia, Bulgaria. forecast skills Fog Stability Index (FSI) local Sofia (SSI), as well relation between Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) from Global N...

3 Technical Approach 3 3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.2 Ocean Science Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2.1 Scientific Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2.2 Scientific Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3 Metric...