This article introduces the concept of a statistical arbitrage opportunity (SAO). In a finite-horizon economy, a SAO is a zero-cost trading strategy for which (i) the expected payoff is positive, and (ii) the conditional expected payoff in each final state of the economy is nonnegative. Unlike a pure arbitrage opportunity, a SAO can have negative payoffs provided that the average payoff in each...

Patent intelligence—the transformation of content found in multiple patents into technical, business, and legal insight—is considered a key factor in gaining a competitive advantage in technologically competitive business environments. Although keyword-based patent intelligence tools are widely used due to their simplicity and ease of use, they are limited in that they cannot represent key tech...

The results of minimizing the action for string-like systems on a simply-connected world sheet are shown to encode the Cartesian components of real null momentum four-vectors into co-ordinates on the world sheet. This identification arises consistently from different approaches to the problem. 1 Recapitulation This article is based upon an old unpublished article with David Roberts, [1] which d...

We appreciate the four commentaries that add new material and fresh perspectives to our article “The pill is mightier than the sword.” In emphasizing the role of voluntary family planning and girls’ education as achievable strategies with a potential to make the world a more peaceable place, we did not mean to oversimplify or disregard the intrinsic complexity of human conflict. On the whole, t...

OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of 26 weeks of low-load high-repetition resistance training (BodyPump™) on maximal strength, gait speed, balance and self-reported health status in healthy, active middle-aged and older adults. DESIGN Two-group randomised control trial. METHODS Sixty-eight apparently healthy, active adults aged over 55 years completed either 26 weeks of BodyPump™ training ...

For a graph G and any two vertices u and v in G, let d(u, v) denote the distance between u and v and let diam(G) be the diameter of G. A multilevel distance labeling (or radio labeling) for G is a function f that assigns to each vertex of G a positive integer such that for any two distinct vertices u and v, d(u, v)+ | f(u) − f(v) |≥ diam(G) + 1. The largest integer in the range of f is called t...

Hierarchical optical interconnection networks have the potential of solving the communication bottleneck that has evolved in parallel processing systems due big increases in processor speeds. Hierarchical Optical Ring Interconnection Network (HORN) [12] is one network architecture that was proposed to provide scalability to a larger number of processing nodes (PNs) with low latency and high ban...