background: crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) belongs to genus nairovirus and family bunyaviridae. the main aim of this study was to investigate the extent of recombination in s-segment genome of cchfv in iran. methods: samples were isolated from iranian patients and those available in genbank, and analyzed by phyloge­netic and bootscan methods. results: through comparison of the ph...

This paper demonstrates the design of an Arrayed Waveguide Gratings (AWG) based optical switch. In the design both physical and network layer analysis is performed. The physical layer power and noise analysis is done to obtain Bit Error Rate (BER). This has been found that at the higher bit rates, BER is not affected with number of buffer modules. Network layer analysis is done to obtain perfor...

Most small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, but some (e.g., U6) are transcribed by RNA polymerase III. In vertebrates a TATA box at a fixed distance downstream of the proximal sequence element (PSE) acts as a dominant determinant for recruiting RNA polymerase III to U6 gene promoters. In contrast, vertebrate snRNA genes that contain a PSE but lack a TATA box are t...

Intermittent convection and its consequences on the stability of the thermohaline circulation are investigated with an oceanic global circulation model (OGCM) and simple box models. A two-box model shows that intermittency is a consequence of the nonlinearity of the equation of state and of the ratio of heat and freshwater fluxes at surface versus the fluxes at depth. Moreover, it only occurs i...

Segregation of the bacterial multidrug resistance plasmid TP228 requires the centromere-binding protein ParG, the parH centromere, and the Walker box ATPase ParF. The cycling of ParF between ADP- and ATP-bound states drives TP228 partition; ATP binding stimulates ParF polymerization, which is essential for segregation, whereas ADP binding antagonizes polymerization and inhibits DNA partition. T...

Recent genome-wide mapping of the mammalian replication origins has suggested the role of transcriptional regulatory elements in origin activation. However, the nature of chromatin modifications associated with such trans-factors or epigenetic marks imprinted on cis-elements during the spatio-temporal regulation of replication initiation remains enigmatic. To unveil the molecular underpinnings,...

introduction: the glutamatergic system plays an important role in learning and memory. administration of crocus sativus (saffron) or its constituent, crocin, facilitates the formation of memory. this research investigated the effect of crocin on antagonizing retrograde amnesia induced by ketamine, a glutamatergic receptor antagonist, in rats by shuttle box. methods:  male wistar rats were teste...