A prolonged swimming trial is the most common approach in studying steady-state changes in oxygen uptake, cardiac output and tissue oxygen extraction as a function of swimming speed in salmonids. The data generated by these sorts of studies are used here to support the idea that a maximum oxygen uptake is reached during a critical swimming speed test. Maximum oxygen uptake has a temperature opt...

background: trihalomethanes are toxic and dangerous substances that are formed in the presence of organic materials when water is chlorinated for disinfection. the iranian national standard, world health organization, european :union:, u.s. environmental protection agency and international agency for research in cancer standards have established a maximum contaminant level for trihalomethanes f...

City sounds are scarce these days in Johnstown, PA. The population of this once-thriving rust belt town has shrunk to fewer than 20K people and is now focused on outdoor recreation the arts. YMCA pool one place where, even COVID times, community gathers name wellness.

purpose: the purpose of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of regular exercise as a useful nonpharmacological strategy in attenuating the diabetes symptom such as hyperglycaemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss. materials and methods: twenty male wistar rats (200±20 gr) were divided to four groups (n = 5 per group): sedentary normal (n), trained normal (ne), sedenta...

Short distance sprint swimming is a sport which requires production of high intensity force in a relatively short period of time. Thus it depends on the power developed by both the upper and lower limbs, especially in short distance events. On the other hand, swimming performance is a multifactorial phenomenon involving energetics, biomechanics, hydrodynamics, strength parameters and anthropome...

Fast-swimming hydromedusan jellyfish possess a characteristic funnel-shaped velum at the exit of their oral cavity that interacts with the pulsed jets of water ejected during swimming motions. It has been previously assumed that the velum primarily serves to augment swimming thrust by constricting the ejected flow in order to produce higher jet velocities. This paper presents high-speed video a...

Competitive swimming is one of the most challenging sports to perform scientific research. Not only the research of human movement is quite complex, because human beings are not so determinists as other (bio)mechanical systems; but also, assessing human beings in aquatic environment becomes even more as this is not their natural environment and other physical principles have to be considered. O...

1. A motor programme underlying backward swimming in the squat lobster Galathea strigosa is described. Swimming is accomplished by repeated flexions and extensions of the abdomen. This investigation indicates that the behaviour is generated centrally, possibly in the suboesophageal or thoracic nervous system, and is probably homologous with non-giant escape behaviour in crayfish. 2. The effects...

Bodies of water, particularly swimming pools, are land covers of high interest. Their maintenance involves energy costs that authorities must take into consideration. In addition, swimming pools are important water sources for firefighting. However, they also provide a habitat for mosquitoes to breed, potentially posing a serious health threat of mosquito-borne disease. This paper presents a no...