The present-day spatial distribution of interspecific contact zones and intraspecific phylogeographical breaks provides a window into the past ecological and evolutionary processes that underlie speciation and species ranges. The clustering of contact zones and/or phylogeographical breaks in space indicates the suturing of diverged biotas. The presence of such suture zones indicates that simila...

hirschsprung's disease, also known as congenital aganglionic megacolon, is a congenital disorder which develops due to an absence of neural ganglia in a segment of large bowel. most commonly, the rectum or rectosigmoid, and rarely other areas or the entire colon are involved. in this disease, all three neural plexi, i.e., the myenteric (auerbach's) plexus, the superficial submucosal (...

“Murugan sat suddenly upright, the sweat pounding off his face, not sure whether he was still dreaming or awake. The net was buzzing with mosquitoes; he could see them dancing like motes, in the finger of light that bisected his bed. His whole body was aflame, covered with bites. He had been scratching himself furiously in his sleep; he could see blood on his fingernails, and on the sheets.” So...

the grace mission has provided scientific community time-variable gravity field solutions with high precision and on a global scale. the grace mission was launched on march 2003. this mission consists of two satellites that pursue each other in their orbit. distance between two satellites in orbit is measured continuously to an accuracy of better than 1 micron using kbr system placed in satelli...

One of the most salient and certain trends in the history of life is the increase in hierarchical structure in organisms. Figure 1 shows the approximate trajectory of the trend. The left-most data point marks the ®rst known prokaryotic cells, the next is the origin of the ®rst eukaryotic cell from symbiotic associations of prokaryotic cells, the third is the advent of multicellular individuals ...

BACKGROUND/AIM Hirschsprung's disease is the most common identifiable developmental disorder of the enteric nervous system, characterized by a failure of its formation in a variable segment of distal bowel. Currently available surgical therapies for Hirschsprung's disease, although lifesaving, are associated with numerous complications. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ...

Emery MJ, Eveland RL, Kim SS, Hildebrandt J, Swenson ER. CO2 relaxes parenchyma in the liquid-filled rat lung. J Appl Physiol 103: 710–716, 2007. First published May 10, 2007; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00128.2006.—CO2 regulation of lung compliance is currently explained by pHand CO2-dependent changes in alveolar surface forces and bronchomotor tone. We hypothesized that in addition to, but indep...

Severe anemia is associated with remarkable stability of pulmonary gas exchange (S. Deem, M. K. Alberts, M. J. Bishop, A. Bidani, and E. R. Swenson. J. Appl. Physiol. 83: 240-246, 1997), although the factors that contribute to this stability have not been studied in detail. In the present study, 10 Flemish Giant rabbits were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated at a fixed minute...