The sensitivity and specificity of rapid HIV-1 tests may be altered during pregnancy and postpartum. We conducted a study to determine the prevalence and correlates of false-positive Abbott Determine and false-negative Uni-Gold rapid HIV-1 test results among antenatal and postnatal mothers attending a primary care clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Mothers were tested for HIV-1 using Abbott Determine an...

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the most common mode of HIV infection in children. In the absence of any intervention, 30% to 45% of children born to HIV positive mothers are infected with HIV.1 This case illustrates the successful prevention of MTCT whereby antiretroviral treatment was initiated early in pregnancy, delivery was via lower segment caesarian section (LSCS) and breastfeedin...

INTRODUCTION Traditionally, family planning initiatives were concentrated on women despite it being a family matter. As family dynamics evolved over the years, fathers' involvement in family planning has become crucial in enhancing the family well-being. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the role played by men in family planning activities and the association of socio-economic character...

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the sensitivity and specificity of two brief, parent-completed developmental screening measures-the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and the Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS)-in children presenting to their primary care providers. METHOD A sample of 334 children aged 12 to 60 months was recruited. Parents completed the PEDS and the ASQ in...

BACKGROUND Buprenorphine is an effective treatment for opioid dependence that can be provided in a primary care setting. Offering this treatment may also facilitate the identification and treatment of other chronic medical conditions. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 168 patients who presented to a primary care clinic for treatment of opioid dependence and who receiv...

Appropriateness of medical admissions from a Malaysian public primary care clinic (Outpatient Department, Hospital Ipoh) was assessed by two physicians using a modified appropriateness evaluation protocol. Of 122 admissions between 16/6/96 and 15/7/96, 107 records (88%) could be traced from the records office. Eighty percent (86/107) were found to be appropriate and 20% (21/107) inappropriate a...

BACKGROUND HIV testing, diagnosis and treatment programs have expanded globally, particularly in resource-limited settings. Diagnosis must be followed by determination of treatment eligibility and referral to care prior to initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART). However, barriers and delays along these early steps in the treatment cascade may impede successful ART initiation. New strategi...

CONTEXT The benefits of continuity of pediatric care remain controversial. OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is an association between having a continuous relationship with a primary care pediatric provider and improved quality of care by parental report. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND POPULATION Seven hundred fifty-nine patients presenting to a primary care clinic completed...

BACKGROUND Assessing the functional status of elderly patients is central in measuring their health outcome. Little is known about the functional status of elderly patients attending our primary care clinic in Nigeria. OBJECTIVE To assess the correlates of functional status in elderly patients presenting at the General Outpatient Clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. M...

In many clinical settings, a commonly encountered problem is to assess the accuracy of a screening test for early detection of a disease. In this article, we develop hierarchical all-subset variable selection methods to assess and improve a psychosis screening test designed to detect psychotic patients in primary care clinics. We select items from an existing screener to achieve best prediction...