AIMS This study was to clarify the regulated effects of TNF-α -308G/A polymorphism on TNF-α and investigate the relationship of -308G/A polymorphisms with diabetic nephropathy (DN) susceptibility. METHODS 86 DN patients and 94 healthy individuals were enrolled in our study. Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) detection technology was used to testify single nucleotide ...

Sudden oak death is an emerging forest disease caused by the invasive pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. Genetic and environmental factors affecting susceptibility to P. ramorum in the key inoculum-producing host tree Umbellularia californica (bay laurel) were examined across a heterogeneous landscape in California, USA. Laboratory susceptibility trials were conducted on detached leaves and assesse...

conclusions we found a marked increase in the incidence of non-albicans species (48.2%) among neutropenic patients. only a few strains failed to produce extracellular enzymes. finally, in addition to fluconazole, caspofungin can be considered as the first line treatment against candida species among neutropenic patients. results a total of 110 yeast strains isolated from urine and oral cavities...

the increasing incidence of candidiasis and antifungal resistance as well as the introducing of new antifungal has recently encouraged performing of fungal susceptibility testing. the aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility profile of candida species isolated from patients admitted to yazd central laboratory to fluconazole. we used the broth microdilution method to evaluate the sus...

candidiasis , the main opportunistic fungal infection has been increased over the past decades. this study aimed to characterize c.albicans species complex ( c.albicans , c.dubliniensis , and c.africana ) isolated from patients with respiratory infections by molecular tools and in vitro antifungal susceptibilities by using broth microdilution method according to clsi m27-a3 guidelines. totally,...

background : according to the national strategy plan on monitoring of insecticides resistance, this study was carried out to determine the base line susceptibility of the culicidae mosquitoes to the who-recommended insecticides in an endemic focus of malaria in southeastern iran. methods : larval collection was carried out by dipping method and adult collection occurred by suction tube from jan...

date palm spider mite is one of the major pests of date palm in khuzestan.this pest damages fruits in orchards. in the present study responses of 30 native date palm cultivars of khuzestan were evaluated by assessment of pest infestation severity and fruit damage characteristics. based on the responses, cultivars were clustered into four groups as very highly infested cultivars including liloei...

results in general 438 urine isolates were obtained. e. coli was the most frequently occurring pathogen (54.80%), followed by klebsiella pneumoniae (16.0%), coagulase negative staphylococci (11.2%), enterobacter spp. (9.6%), proteus spp. 1.4% and p. aeruginosa (1.4%). resistance rates of e. coli isolates were 85.9% to co-trimoxazole, 80.0% to penicillin, 77.0% to ampicillin, 68.0% to chloramphe...

antibiotic resistance is a public concern, worldwide. the purpose of this study was to survey the antibiotic susceptibility pattern in the microorganisms isolated from the clinical samples in shahid faghihi hospital of shiraz, iran. in this study, the microorganisms were isolated from the blood, bone marrow, pleural fluid, csf and vaginal discharge. antibiotic susceptibility test was performed ...