BACKGROUND Susac syndrome (retinocochleocerebral vasculopathy) is an autoimmune endotheliopathy affecting the precapillary arterioles of the brain, retina, and inner ear. It presents with encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusions, and hearing loss. The condition is often under recognized because the clinical symptoms may present at different times and physicians may be unfamiliar with th...

SIGNALING through CD28/B7 and CD40/CD40L costimulatory pathways as a prerequisite for optimal T-cell activation has been well documented. t •2 Furthermore, unlike that through CD40/gp39. blockade of signaling through the CD28/B7 pathway by perioperative use of CTLA4-Ig fusion protein has been shown to enhance allograft survival and mitigate the development of chronic rejection (CR).3 In contras...

The pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is extremely complex, and despite extensive studies, the exact mechanisms involved are not well understood. Numerous recent studies of early events in SSc pathogenesis have suggested that unknown etiologic factors in a genetically receptive host trigger structural and functional microvascular endothelial cell abnormalities. These alterations result i...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Descriptions of uncommon diseases with intracranial imaging abnormalities are often difficult to find in the radiology literature. We hypothesized that reported imaging findings of such conditions in the recent literature were more frequent in clinical compared with radiology journals. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed searches from December 1, 2007 to December 1, 2012 were ...