Functional magnetic resonance imaging blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (fMRI-BOLD) signal representing neural activity may be optimized by discriminating MR signal components related to neural activity and those related to intrinsic properties of the cortical vasculature. The objective of this study was to reduce the hemodynamic change independent of neural activity to obtain a scaled fMRI-BOL...

PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of oxygen-enhanced MRI of the lung at 3 Tesla and to compare signal characteristics with 1.5 Tesla. MATERIALS AND METHODS 13 volunteers underwent oxygen-enhanced lung MRI at 1.5 and 3 T with a T 1-weighted single-slice non-selective inversion-recovery single-shot half-Fourier fast-spin-echo sequence with simultaneous respiratory and cardiac triggering in coro...

Breathing monitoring is important in the health and sports area. In this paper, a wireless self-powered system for breathing designed using piezoelectric devices buckled n-shape L-shape structure. A cotton belt used to tie chest deliver force stimulated by cavity enlargement caused breathing, which can be collected measured based on three-dimension Three hard lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patch...

Introduction Spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation is still controversial. It is well known that incongruous patterns of mechanical ventilation can trigger or exacerbate lung injury. NAVA is a mode of mechanical ventilation that delivers ventilatory assist in proportion to the Electrical activity of the Diaphragm (EDi), which mirrors the performance of the whole respiratory system...

Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Figure 1 Navigator signal (left) and T2-weighted TSE image (right) for reference (top), non-gated breathing (middle), and gated breathing (bottom) scans. The dashed line in the bottom left panel represents the gating threshold. Dyv...

Analysis of electrophysiological signals recorded from the brain with Lempel-Ziv (LZ) complexity, a measure based on coarse-graining of the signal, can provide valuable insights into understanding brain activity. LZ complexity of local field potential signals recorded from the neocortex of 11 adult male Wistar-Kyoto rats in different vigilance states – waking, non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) and ...

Radial acquisition (RA) techniques have been extended to produce isotropic, three-dimensional images of lung in live laboratory animals at spatial resolution down to 0.013 mm3 with a signal-to-noise ratio of 30:1. The pulse sequence and reconstruction algorithm have been adapted to allow acquisition of image matrices of up to 256(3) in less than 15 min. Scan-synchronous ventilation has been inc...

Enkephalin, an endogeneous substance in the human brain showing morphine-like biological functions, has been detected at the single molecule level based on the surface-enhanced Raman signal of the ring breathing mode of phenylalanine, which is one building block of the molecule. For enhancing the Raman signal the enkephalin molecules have been attached to silver colloidal cluster structures. Th...

Deriving optimal traffic management schemes for urban road networks typically relies on the use of complex simulation tools, that capture in detail the behavior of drivers as well as their interaction with the network infrastructure. The integration of these traffic simulators within an optimization framework is an intricate task. Indeed, these simulators can be seen as stochastic nonlinear fun...