the distally based sural fasciocutaneous flap has become a main part of the reconstruction of the lower leg, heel and foot. however, perfusion problems and venous congestion have been reported. over the past decade, several flap modifications have been reported to improve flap viability and to solve a myriad of reconstructive needs. the purpose of this paper is to describe our experience in har...

BACKGROUND The intestine is highly susceptible to free radical-induced damage, and our earlier work has shown that surgical stress induces the generation of oxygen free radicals in enterocytes, resulting in intestinal damage along with ultrastructural changes. Since nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of gastrointestinal function, this study looked at the effect of NO on surgical stress-...

closure of fascia after transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (tram) flap has usually been performed with direct closure or synthetic material. the dermal autograft was removed from zone iv of flap was an alternative to reinforce fascial closure. the dermal autograft was used in 34 patients after tram harvest for breast, head and neck reconstruction and prolene mesh was used in 42 other ...

UNLABELLED It is generally accepted that major surgery is associated with severe alterations of the host-defense mechanisms. We investigated the effect of surgical stress on the immune system. Specifically, we studied the relationship between perioperative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) hyporesponsiveness and monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and CD14 expression during the perioperative pe...

Background: Surgical trauma induces a physiologic stress response that is well documented in the literature The surgical stress response comprises alterations in the endocrine, metabolic, inflammatory and immune systems with important clinical ramifications on patient morbidity and recovery in the post-operative period. Consequences have been identified in multiple organ systems. Emphasis has t...

Background and Aim: Estrogen affects the metabolism in females. This study aimed to assess the effect of absence of estrogen on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Materials and Methods: In this animal study, 55 rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (n=10) had intact ovaries. In group 2 (n=15), ovaries were intact but the rats were subjected to stress due to tooth preparation. I...

Surgical excision of cancerous tumors and the human stress response can lead to metastasis of tumor cells. Furthermore, the medications used during the perioperative period (eg, opioids and anesthetic agents) have been shown to inhibit or suppress natural killer (NK) cell activity, one of the body's main defenses against spread of cancer. There are currently no anesthetic regimens that have bee...

The authors present a rare technique of tension band plating of the anterior tibia in the setting of a nonunion stress fracture. Surgical management with an intramedullary nail is a viable and proven option for treating such injuries. However, in treating elite athletes, legitimate concerns exist regarding the surgical disruption of the extensor mechanism and the risk of anterior knee pain asso...

Introduction The scientific literature has shown that the damage caused by sleep fragmentation in people affected by Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) can reflect emotionally, generating not only physical symptoms such as drowsiness and tiredness, but also psychical symptoms, such as stress. Objective This study aimed at comparing symptoms of stress in patients with moderate or severe OSA, before a...