-Authentication is the process of identifying an individual, usually based on username and password. Authentication merely ensures that the individual is who he or she claims to be. This forestalls the activities against confidentiality and integrity. Shoulder surfing is the main problem of graphical passwords. To overcome the problem of shoulder surfing we introduced a novel Scheme. This schem...

A two-dimensional (2D) shock-rest-frame model for particle simulations is developed. Then full kinetic dynamics of a perpendicular collisionless shock is examined by means of a 2D full particle simulation. We found that in the 2D simulation there are fewer nonthermal electrons due to surfing acceleration which was seen in the previous 1D simulations of a high Mach number perpendicular shock in ...

We introduce an original scheme that turns the World Wide Web (WWW) into a social place. Our vicinity-based approach is to show the Web’s user space to the people surfing on the WWW. Being aware of other Web surfers, people browsing the Web may invoke synchronous communication by a single mouse-click – surfing the Web turns from a lonely affair into a joint experience. We present the basic theo...

Waves on the ocean are generated well away from any shoreline and travel under a prevailing wind towards a distant shore. These deep-water waves eventually become shallow-water waves and break near the shore creating a turbulent surf front of bubbles, foam and spray, encompassing secondary breaking and smaller splashing waves. Human surfers can propel themselves shorewards on these breakers or ...