INTRODUCTION The hop (Humulus lupulus L.), a component of beer, is a sedative plant whose pharmacological activity is principally due to its bitter resins, in particular to the α-acid degradation product 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. The mechanism of action of hop resin consists of raising the levels of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter acting in the centr...

Christian writers have always described the Eucharist as a ‘sacrifice’, but this was ill-defined before 1500. The Tridentine Fathers offered an account of priest somehow offering one sacrifice Calvary anew at altar, which depended on transubstantiation, later theologians found it difficult to narrate this. I propose eucharistic theology that draws Calvin’s pneumatological ascent communicant, an...

Vigilance (scanning) and other behavior patterns were studied in free-ranging Evening Grosbeaks (Coccothraustes vespertinus) at feeders to assess how flock size and flock geometry influenced the behavior of individual birds. The present results indicate that the way in which individual grosbeaks are positioned with respect to one another effects many aspects of their behavior, especially when a...

The green eggshell color produced by ducks is a threshold trait that can be influenced by various factors, such as hereditary, environment and nutrition. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic regulation of the formation of eggs with green shells in Youxian ducks. We performed integrative analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs expression profiling in the shell gland samples from ducks by RN...

A total of thirty microsatellite molecular markers were used across 21 rice genotypes for their characterization and discrimination. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three (RM165, RM219, RM248, RM463, RM470 and RM517) to nine (RM223), with an average of 4.53 alleles across the 30 loci obtained in the study. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.30 (RM219) to...