“Artificial societies” are constructed to examine L2-based creole development. ‘Virtual’ slaves and slave-owners interact based on socio-historical conditions. Linguistic transmissions and developments are tracked. This study takes no position on whether a theory of ‘imperfect L2 acquisition of the superstrate language’ can be viewed as final truth with respect to creole genesis. However, a Com...

In this letter, a concept of high-gain circularly polarized X-band antenna employing partially reflecting surface (PRS) has been presented. the initial analysis, influence parasitic element size in PRS structure on radiation pattern parameters investigated and optimal arrangement elements identified. The proposed provides wide bandwidth return loss above 10 dB 20% (8–9.8 GHz) circular polarizat...

We design an all-dielectric Lüneburg lens as an adiabatic space-variant lattice explicitly accounting for finite film thickness. We describe an all-analytical approach to compensate for the finite height of subwavelength dielectric structures in the pass-band regime. This method calculates the effective refractive index of the infinite-height lattice from effective medium theory, then embeds a ...