Cytochrome c was reduced when superoxide was generated from xanthine oxidase in the presence of alloxan, and by the reaction of alloxan and with reduced glutathione. In each case, most of the reduction was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, but considerably more enzyme was required than with superoxide alone. This indicates that the superoxide dismutase-inhibitible cytochrome c reduction was ma...

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes that play a primary role in the protection against oxidative stress in plants and other organisms. We have characterized four SOD genes in Lotus japonicus and have analyzed their expression in roots and four developmental stages of nodules. The expression of cytosolic CuZnSOD, at the mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity levels, decreases with nodule...

background: this study examined the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (gspe) on lipid peroxidation content and activity of tissue antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in diabetic rats. methods: thirty male rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each: control, diabetic and diabetic groups that received 500 mg/kg gspe for 6 w...

The activity of superoxide dismutase was investigated in needles of spruce trees. To obtain maximum activity, needles were homogenized in the presence of Triton X-100 and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Superoxide dismutase activity was measured in dialyzed extracts with a modified epinephrine assay (HP Misra, I Fridovich [1972] J Biol Chem 247: 3170-3175) at pH 10.2. The extracts contained 70 to 120 uni...

The human fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Histoplasma capsulatum have been reported to protect against the oxidative burst of host innate immune cells using a family of extracellular proteins with similarity to Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). We report here that these molecules are widespread throughout fungi and deviate from canonical SOD1 at the primary, tertiary, and quaternary le...

Superoxide dismutase has been purified to homogeneity from aerobically grown Thiobacillus denitrijicarzs strain “RT”. It has a molecular weight of 43,000, is composed of two identical subunits which are not covalently bound, and contains 1.35 atom of iron per molecule. Absorption spectra and amino acid analysis are similar to those of other Fe-superoxide dismutases from bacteria. Aerobically an...

Inflammatory processes in chronic rejection remain a serious clinical problem in organ transplantation. Activated cellular infiltrate produces high levels of both superoxide and nitric oxide. These reactive oxygen species interact to form peroxynitrite, a potent oxidant that can modify proteins to form 3-nitrotyrosine. We identified enhanced immunostaining for nitrotyrosine localized to tubular...

(cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla, hippocampus and hypothalamus) was studied with respect to 1. Protein content 2. Reduced glutathione 3. Defense system enzymes like, superoxide dismutase. glutathione peroxidase and catalase 4. Lipid peroxidation levels 5. Acid phosphatase activity and 6. Ultra structure of brain (hippocampus region) to study the hypoxia imparted damagc. The present work also deal...