Influenza virus infection is a leading cause of death and disability throughout the world. Influenza-infected hosts are vulnerable to secondary bacterial infection, however, and an ensuing bacterial pneumonia is actually the predominant cause of influenza-attributed deaths during pandemics. A number of mechanisms have been proposed by which influenza may predispose to superinfection with an unr...

Infection of plants with viruses containing multiple variants frequently leads to dominance by a few random variants in the systemically infected leaves (SLs), for which a plausible explanation is lacking. We show here that SL dominance by a given viral variant is adequately explained by its fortuitous lead in systemic spread, coupled with its resistance to superinfection by other variants. We ...

Superinfection of an Escherichia coli R(+) strain with a closely related R-factor was associated with the accumulation of replicative intermediates of the superinfecting deoxyribonucleic acid. This deoxyribonucleic acid remains associated with a rapidly sedimenting cell component.

Wolbachia spp. are intracellular endosymbionts that cause reproductive alterations in their hosts. We here demonstrate the coexistence (superinfection) of both the arthropodand the filarial-infecting strain in a sample of Tunga penetrans (L.) from Ecuador.

This paper explores the optimal treatment of an infectious disease in a Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible model, where there are two strains of the disease and one strain is more infectious than the other. The strains are perfectly distinguishable, instantly diagnosed and equally costly in terms of social welfare. Treatment is equally costly and effective for both strains. Eradication is not pos...

Deterministic models have a long history of being applied to the study of infectious disease epidemiology. We highlight and discuss nine challenges in this area. The first two concern the endemic equilibrium and its stability. We indicate the need for models that describe multi-strain infections, infections with time-varying infectivity, and those where superinfection is possible. We then consi...

Rutberg, Blanka (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden), and Lars Rutberg. Role of superinfecting phage in lysis inhibition with phage T4 in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 90:891-894. 1965.-The ability of bacteriophage T4 to induce lysis inhibition upon superinfection was investigated after various treatments of the phage. This ability was found not to be a property of the external protein ...

Shigella dysenteriae cells were infected with phage P1 or P1cl. The outcome of superinfection of these cells with phage T1.Sh or T1.Sh(P1) or P1cl was studied as a function of time after the initial infection. Cells undergoing either a lytic response or a lysogenic response to the primary infection develop the ability to specifically restrict T1.Sh between 30 and 45 min. Between 15 and 30 min, ...

After acute HIV infection, CD8(+) T cells are able to control viral replication to a set point. This control is often lost after superinfection, although the mechanism behind this remains unclear. In this study, we illustrate in an HLA-B27(+) subject that loss of viral control after HIV superinfection coincides with rapid recombination events within two narrow regions of Gag and Env. Screening ...