Several attempts to improve the F-scale and its use were made. For example, Fujita began to move toward a rating matrix based on types of construction (Fujita 1992). Following on this work by Fujita, Sills et al. (2004) developed an F-scale rating matrix with 20 DIs that was used both operationally and to generate an updated 19802009 tornado climatology for Canada (Sills et al. 2012). However, ...

Stand-replacing natural disturbances in mature forests are traditionally seen as events that cause forests to revert to early stages of succession and maintain species diversity. In some cases, however, such transitions could be an artifact of salvage logging and may increase biotic homogenization. We present initial (two-year) results of a study of the effects of tornado damage and the combine...

Extreme weather August 2005 Tulane University, United States Closed for 4 months as a result of Hurricane Katrina April 2011 University of Alabama, United States School called off for the rest of the school year due to tornado March 11, 2011 Northeastern Japan 7,735 school buildings damaged or destroyed February 2011 Queensland, Australia More than 60 schools across north and far north Queensla...

The control and stability derivatives of Yardstik to be used for simulation are generated using the Tornado software. Tornado is a 3-D vortex lattice program written in Matlab environment which makes use of the vortex lattice method for obtaining the forces and moment acting on the aerodynamic surfaces [2]. From these forces and moment generated, we are able to obtain the stability and control ...

The intensification of tornado depends mainly on the synoptic conditions of the troposphere. The main objective of this paper is to differentiate the prevalent atmosphere from thermodynamically point of view. Atmospheric stability parameters such as Lifted Index (LI), Total Total Index (TT), Deep Convective Index (DCI), Wind Index (WI), Severe Weather Threat Index (SWEAT), Convective Available ...

In this paper, different types of learning networks, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), Bayesian neural networks (BNNs), support vector machines (SVMs) and Bayesian support vector machines (BSVMs) are applied for tornado forecasting. The last two approaches utilize kernel methods to address nonlinearity of the data in the input space. All methods are applied to forecast when tornadoes o...

The correlation between tornadic activity in several regions of the United States and the monthly mean sea surface temperature over four zones in the tropical Pacific Ocean is examined. Tornadic activity is gauged with two mostly independent measures: the number of tornadoes per month, and the number of tornadic days per month. Within the assumptions set forth for the analysis, it is found that...

Parallel shared-memory software must control concurrent access to shared resources. This is typically accomplished via locking designs that result in low concurrency or that are highly complex. This paper presents two-phase update, which is an alternative method of updating concurrent data structures, and demonstrates that it is both simple and highly scalable in restricted but commonly occurri...