Networks of spacecraft are necessary to characterize and constantly monitor near-Earth threats such as Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) from the Sun, or impacts by large meteoroids. A network of CubeSat is ideally suited because of the low development cost and for demonstrating continuous monitoring of rare phenomena. In this paper, we describe the ongoing development of a single prototype spacecr...

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the most geoeffective space weather phenomena, being associated with large geomagnetic storms, having potential to cause disturbances telecommunication, satellite network disruptions, power grid damages and failures. Thus, considering these storms' effects on human activities, accurate forecasts of geoeffectiveness CMEs paramount. This work focuses experimentin...

The concept that open magnetic flux of the Sun (rooted with one and only one footpoint at the Sun) is a conserved quantity is taking root in the heliospheric community. Observations show that the Sun’s open magnetic flux returns to the baseline from one solar minimum to the next. The temporary enhancement in the 1 AU heliospheric magnetic flux near solar maximum can be accounted for by the temp...

Time-dependent resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations are carried out to study a flux rope eruption caused by magnetic reconnection with implication in coexistent flare-CME (coronal mass ejection) events. An early result obtained in a recent analysis of double catastrophe of a flux rope system is used as the initial condition, in which an isolated flux rope coexists with two current sheets: ...

An X3-class flare occurred on 2002 July 15 with white-light emission and a complex filament eruption. Observations were made in the optical continuum, H , UV continuum, microwave, and soft X-rays, as well as with high-cadence longitudinal magnetograms. Within the preflare phase, intense heating is observed accompanying upward motion of the filament. At the onset of the impulsive phase, filament...

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are relatively a recently discovered phenomenon—in 1971, some 15 years into the Space Era. It took another two decades to realize that CMEs are the most important players in solar terrestrial relationship as the root cause of severe weather in Earth’s space environment. CMEs are now counted among the major natural hazards because they cause large solar energetic pa...

We report on a study of all major solar eruptions that occurred on the frontside of the Sun during the rise to peak phase of cycle 24 (first 62 months) in order to understand the key factors affecting the occurrence of large solar energetic particle events (SEPs) and ground level enhancement (GLE) events. The eruptions involve major flares with soft X-ray peak flux ≥ 5.0 x10 Wm (i.e., flare siz...

Aims. Working towards improved space weather predictions, we aim to quantify how the critical height at which torus instability drives coronal mass ejections (CMEs) varies over time in a sample of solar active regions. Methods. We model magnetic fields 42 regions and their central polarity inversion lines throughout observed lifetimes. then compare these heights changing flux photospheric bound...

Abstract The sun’s atmosphere is frequently disrupted by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) coupled with different solar happening like sun spot number (SSN), geomagnetic storms (GMS), energetic particle and flare. CMEs play the important role in root cause of weather earth’s space environment among all events. are considered as major natural hazardous at surface because this event can several other...

Context. The triggering process for prominence instability and consequent coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is not fully understood. Prominences are maintained by the Lorentz force against gravity; therefore, reduction of due to rain may cause change balance hence destabilisation structures. Aims. We aim study observational evidence influence on stability subsequent eruption CMEs. Methods. used sim...