Sulfonated carbonaceous material useful as a solid acid catalyst was prepared from lignosulfonate, a waste of the paper-making industry sulfite pulping process, and characterized by 13C-NMR, FT-IR, TGA, SEM and elemental analysis, etc. The sulfonic acid group density and total density of all acid groups in the sulfonated carbonaceous material was determined by titration to be 1.24 mmol/g and 5....

Sulfonated reactive azo dyes, such as Reactive Orange 107, are extensively used in textile industries. Conventional wastewater treatment systems are incapable of degrading and decolorizing reactive azo dyes completely from effluents, because of their stability and resistance to aerobic biodegradation. However, reactive azo dyes are degradable under anaerobic conditions by releasing toxic aromat...

The sulfonated polyphenylene ionomer, SPP-QP, being used as the anode binder, improves durability of polymer electrolyte fuel cells in gas exchange cycle test simulating start-up conditions.

In this study, sulfonated carbon cryogel (CC) doped with zinc was prepared and used as a solid catalyst. Carbon by mixing urea furfural, freeze-drying, calcination. The CC then impregnated (II) nitrate for ethyl levulinate production from ethanolysis of glucose. Experiment results showed that different types catalyst precursor had catalytic effects on the Sulfonated (SCC-Zn) which at calcinatio...

The recent expansion in proton exchange membrane (PEM) research has been commensurate with the growth of PEM fuel cell research, wherein sulfonated polyphenylenes have emerged as leading material candidates for fluorine-free, fully hydrocarbon PEMs.

In the aza-Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction of N-sulfonated imines with methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) promoted by chiral phosphine Lewis base: (R)-2'-diphenylphosphanyl[1,1']binaphthalenyl-2-ol (LB1) (10 mol %), the aza-Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts were obtained in good yields with high ee (70–94 % ee) at –30 °C in THF. The scope and limitations of this reaction have been disclosed.

Three new sulfonated porous coordination polymers (PCPs)/metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been synthesized using solvothermal methods. These PCPs possess porous structures with non-coordinating sulfonic acid groups or sulfonate with dimethyl ammonium cations and exhibit high proton conductivity at a low humidity of 60% RH (relative humidity) at ambient temperature.

A highly ion-selective membrane for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs) consisting of sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) (SPAEK) and polyoxometalate coupled with a graphene oxide was designed and fabricated. The SPAEK/PW-mGO composite membrane showed an effectively low self-discharge rate and excellent Coulombic efficiency (98.73%) in VRBs.

A dynamic fuel-cell model for high-temperature PEM fuel cells with PBI membranes has been developed in Simulink. In such models it is common to use the current density as input variable, but this model uses a different approach. The current density is regarded as an unrealistic control variable, since it cannot be controlled directly. Instead, it is possible to simulate the effect of changing t...